The changing thermal state of permafrost

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 10 - 23

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 294 - 308

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Estimation of China’s terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink: Methods, progress and prospects

Science China Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 641 - 651

Published: March 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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A low-to-no snow future and its impacts on water resources in the western United States

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 800 - 819

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land‐surface models

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 231(6), P. 2125 - 2141

Published: June 16, 2021

Summary Global vegetation and land‐surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific understanding of the behaviour plants ecosystems, are indispensable to project impacts environmental change on interactions between climate. However, systematic errors persistently large differences among carbon water cycle projections by different highlight limitations current process formulations. In this review, focusing core plant functions in terrestrial cycles, we show how unifying hypotheses derived from eco‐evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles can provide novel, parameter‐sparse representations processes. We present case studies that demonstrate EEO generates parsimonious core, leaf‐level processes individually testable supported evidence. approaches photosynthesis primary production, dark respiration stomatal ripe for implementation global models. other important traits, including leaf economics spectrum applications at community level active research areas. Independently tested modules emerging could profitably be integrated into modelling frameworks account multiple time scales which communities adjust change.

Language: Английский

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Benchmarking and parameter sensitivity of physiological and vegetation dynamics using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) at Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 3017 - 3044

Published: June 15, 2020

Abstract. Plant functional traits determine vegetation responses to environmental variation, but variation in trait values is large, even within a single site. Likewise, uncertainty how these map Earth system feedbacks large. We use demographic model (VDM), the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), explore parameter sensitivity of predictions, and comparison observations, at tropical forest site: Barro Colorado Island Panama. define 12-dimensional distribution plant derived primarily from observations Panama, types (PFTs) as random draws this distribution. compare several ensembles, where individual ensemble members vary only that PFTs, separate ensembles differ each other based on either structural assumptions or non-trait, ecosystem-level parameters, which include (a) number competing PFTs present any simulation (b) parameters govern disturbance height-based light competition. While single-PFT simulations are roughly consistent with productivity Island, increasing strongly shifts predictions towards higher biomass forests. Different ecosystem variables show greater than others most dominated by large trees, such biomass, being sensitive. Changing height-sorting i.e., rules competitive filtering, regimes dominance coexistence between early- late-successional model. Increases extent severity disturbance, degree determinism competition, all act shift community early-successional PFTs. In turn, outcomes alter states fluxes, more early-successional-dominated forests having lower biomass. It thus crucial differentiate traits, under pressure VDMs, those not better understand relationships two quantify sources VDMs.

Language: Английский

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Irrigation in the Earth system

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 435 - 453

Published: June 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Advances in Land Surface Modelling

Current Climate Change Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 45 - 71

Published: May 11, 2021

Abstract Land surface models have an increasing scope. Initially designed to capture the feedbacks between land and atmosphere as part of weather climate prediction, they are now used a critical tool in urgent need inform policy about land-use water-use management world that is changing physically economically. This paper outlines way evolved through this change purpose what might future hold. It highlights importance distinguishing advances science within modelling components, with how represent their interaction. latter aspect often overlooked but will increasingly manifest issue complexity system, time space scales system being modelled increase. These increases due technology, data availability urgency range problems studied.

Language: Английский

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Land Use Effects on Climate: Current State, Recent Progress, and Emerging Topics

Current Climate Change Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 99 - 120

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Purpose of Review As demand for food and fiber, but also negative emissions, brings most the Earth’s land surface under management, we aim to consolidate scientific progress recent years on climatic effects global use change, including related cover changes (LULCC). Recent Findings We review methodological advances in both modeling observations capture biogeochemical biogeophysical LULCC summarize knowledge underlying mechanisms strength their effects. studies have raised or resolved several important questions LULCC: How can derive CO 2 fluxes from satellites? Why are uncertainties LULCC-related GHG so large? explain that estimates afforestation/reforestation potentials diverge by an order magnitude? Can reconcile seemingly contradicting results models concerning cooling effect high-latitude deforestation? Summary Major has been achieved understanding complementarity modeling, observations, inventories estimating impacts various practices carbon, energy, water fluxes. Emerging fields operationalization recently integration approaches, such as a full greenhouse gas balance LULCC, mapping emissions country-reported data, model evaluation against local observations. Fundamental challenges remain, however, e.g., separating anthropogenic natural dynamics accurately quantifying first. laid foundation future research integrate scales at which act, create co-benefits between mitigation, land-based carbon dioxide removal, climate effective adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Are Terrestrial Biosphere Models Fit for Simulating the Global Land Carbon Sink?

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5)

Published: April 6, 2022

Abstract The Global Carbon Project estimates that the terrestrial biosphere has absorbed about one‐third of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions during 1959–2019 period. This sink‐estimate is produced by an ensemble models and consistent with land uptake inferred from residual ocean uptake. purpose our study to understand how well reproduce processes drive carbon sink. One challenge decide what level agreement between model output observation‐based reference data adequate considering are prone uncertainties. To define such a agreement, we compute benchmark scores quantify similarity independently derived sets using multiple statistical metrics. Models considered perform if their reach scores. Our results show can differ considerably, causing be low. Model often similar magnitude as scores, implying performance reasonable given different are. While encouraging, ample potential for improvements remains, including reduction in positive leaf area index bias, improved representations govern soil organic high latitudes, assessment causes inter‐model spread gross primary productivity boreal regions humid tropics. success future development will increasingly depend on capacity reduce account observational

Language: Английский

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