The fully coupled regionally refined model of E3SM version 2: overview of the atmosphere, land, and river results DOI Creative Commons
Qi Tang, Jean‐Christophe Golaz, Luke Van Roekel

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 3953 - 3995

Published: July 13, 2023

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the United States (US) Department Energy's (DOE's) Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) fully coupled regionally refined model (RRM) and documents overall atmosphere, land, river results from Coupled Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) DECK (Diagnosis, Evaluation, Characterization Klima) historical simulations – a first-of-its-kind set climate production using RRM. The North American (NA) RRM (NARRM) is developed as high-resolution configuration E3SMv2 with primary goal more explicitly addressing DOE's mission needs regarding impacts to US energy sector facing system changes. NARRM features finer horizontal resolution grids centered over NA, consisting 25→100 km atmosphere 0.125∘ river-routing model, 14→60 ocean sea ice. By design, computational cost ∼3× uniform low-resolution (LR) at 100 but only ∼ 10 %–20 % globally 25 km. A novel hybrid time step strategy for key achieve improved simulation fidelity within patch without sacrificing global performance. climate, including climatology, series, sensitivity, feedback, confirmed be largely identical between LR quantified typical metrics. Over NA area, generally superior LR, precipitation clouds contiguous (CONUS), summertime marine stratocumulus off coast California, liquid ice phase near Pole region, extratropical cyclones, spatial variability in land hydrological processes. improvements are related better-resolved topography NARRM, whereas those attributable air–sea interactions both Some appear insensitive change analyzed here, instance diurnal propagation organized mesoscale convective systems CONUS warm-season land–atmosphere coupling southern Great Plains. In summary, our study presents realistically efficient approach leverage framework standard release simulations.

Language: Английский

A warming-induced reduction in snow fraction amplifies rainfall extremes DOI
Mohammed Ombadi, Mark D. Risser, Alan M. Rhoades

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 619(7969), P. 305 - 310

Published: June 28, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

124
Megadroughts in the Common Era and the Anthropocene DOI

Benjamin I. Cook,

Jason E. Smerdon, Edward R. Cook

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 741 - 757

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Adapting agriculture to climate change via sustainable irrigation: biophysical potentials and feedbacks DOI Creative Commons
Lorenzo Rosa

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 063008 - 063008

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract Irrigated agriculture accounts for ∼90% of anthropogenic freshwater consumption, is deployed on 22% cultivated land, and provides 40% global food production. Expanding irrigation onto currently underperforming rainfed croplands crucial to meet future demand without further agricultural expansion associated encroachment natural ecosystems. Establishing also a potential climate adaptation solution alleviate heat- water-stress crops reduce variability extremes. Despite being one the land management practices with largest environmental hydroclimatic impacts, role adapt change achieve sustainability goals has just started be quantified. This study reviews biophysical opportunities feedbacks ‘sustainable irrigation’. I describe concept sustainable expansion—where there are increase productivity over water-limited by adopting that do not deplete stocks impair aquatic may avert but create additional externalities often neglected. review highlights major gaps in analysis understanding change. implications (a) security, (b) conditions, (c) water quality, (d) soil salinization, (e) storage infrastructure, (f) energy use. These help explain challenges achieving irrigated thus point toward solutions research needs.

Language: Английский

Citations

118
Climate change is increasing the risk of a California megaflood DOI Creative Commons
Xingying Huang, Daniel L. Swain

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(32)

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

Despite the recent prevalence of severe drought, California faces a broadly underappreciated risk floods. Here, we investigate physical characteristics "plausible worst case scenario" extreme storm sequences capable giving rise to "megaflood" conditions using combination climate model data and high-resolution weather modeling. Using from Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble, find that change has already doubled likelihood an event producing catastrophic flooding, but larger future increases are likely due continued warming. We further runoff in scenario is 200 400% greater than historical values Sierra Nevada because increased precipitation rates decreased snow fraction. These findings have direct implications for flood emergency management, as well broader hazard mitigation adaptation activities.

Language: Английский

Citations

102
Dominant role of soil moisture in mediating carbon and water fluxes in dryland ecosystems DOI
Steven A. Kannenberg, William R. L. Anderegg, Mallory L. Barnes

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 38 - 43

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Climate change exacerbates the environmental impacts of agriculture DOI
Yi Yang, David Tilman, Zhenong Jin

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6713)

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Agriculture's global environmental impacts are widely expected to continue expanding, driven by population and economic growth dietary changes. This Review highlights climate change as an additional amplifier of agriculture's impacts, reducing agricultural productivity, the efficacy agrochemicals, increasing soil erosion, accelerating expanding range crop diseases pests, land clearing. We identify multiple pathways through which intensifies greenhouse gas emissions, creating a potentially powerful change-reinforcing feedback loop. The challenges raised underscore urgent need transition sustainable, climate-resilient systems. requires investments that both accelerate adoption proven solutions provide benefits, discover scale new beneficial processes food products.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America DOI Creative Commons
K. Hale, Keith S. Jennings, K. N. Musselman

et al.

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Mountain snowpacks act as natural water towers, storing winter precipitation until summer months when downstream demand is greatest. We introduce a Snow Storage Index (SSI), representing the temporal phase difference between daily and surface inputs—sum of rainfall snowmelt into terrestrial systems—weighted by relative magnitudes. Different from snow equivalent or fraction, SSI represents degree to which snowpack delays timing magnitude inputs precipitation, fundamental component how storage influences hydrologic cycle. In western North America, annual has decreased ( p < 0.05) 1950–2013 in over 25% mountainous areas, result substantially earlier spring months, with additional declines precipitation. The associated trends offer new perspective on sensitivity climate change have broad implications for resources ecosystems.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Streamflow seasonality in a snow-dwindling world DOI
Juntai Han, Ziwei Liu, Ross Woods

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8014), P. 1075 - 1081

Published: May 29, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Review of climate change impact on water availability in the USA and Africa DOI Creative Commons

Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh,

Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya,

Olushola Babatunde Ayorinde

et al.

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 942 - 951

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

This research paper reviews the impact of climate change on water availability in USA and Africa. Global trends reveal rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, increasing extreme events, all influencing resources. The diverse regional contexts encompass issues such as prolonged droughts, changing snowmelt coastal vulnerabilities. In Africa, heightened susceptibility arises from dependence rain-fed agriculture, contributing to increased aridity intensified rainfall. Temperature changes patterns emerge critical factors availability, necessitating adaptive strategies. Both regions implement conservation, infrastructure development, sustainable practices, broader policies addressing emission reduction community-based adaptation. Policy implications underscore need for integrated resource governance, climate-resilient infrastructure, international collaboration. review provides a nuanced understanding complexities involved, offering insights effective adaptation mitigation measures face evolving challenges.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Changes in Snow Drought and the Impacts on Streamflow Across Northern Catchments DOI Creative Commons
Juntai Han, Yuting Yang, Yuhan Guo

et al.

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Snow drought, characterized by an anomalous reduction in snowpack, exerts profound hydrological and socioeconomic impacts cold regions. Despite its significance, the influence of diverse snow drought types, including warm, dry, warm‐and‐dry variants, on streamflow remains inadequately understood. Here we present first hemispheric‐scale, observation‐based assessment patterns seasonal annual ( Q ) across 3049 northern catchments over 1950–2020. Our findings reveal that with a lower mean snowfall fraction () exhibit heightened prevalence severity warm droughts, whereas high‐ experience more prevalent but less severe dry drought. This disparity arises from distinct sensitivities snowpack to cold‐season precipitation temperature. In addition, droughts induce during both seasons, culminating significant decrease . Conversely, increases decreases , attributable trade‐off between increased c decreased warm‐season w ). With ongoing climate warming, continued is anticipated, which expected further increase frequency warm‐dry droughts. These circumstances, particularly impactful under low conditions, are poised formidable challenges for water resources management regions globally.

Language: Английский

Citations

2