Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 3778 - 3794

Published: March 7, 2022

Nature-based Climate Solutions (NbCS) are managed alterations to ecosystems designed increase carbon sequestration or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While they have growing public and private support, the realizable benefits unintended consequences of NbCS not well understood. At regional scales where policy decisions often made, estimated from soil tree survey data that can miss important sources sinks within an ecosystem, do reveal biophysical impacts for local water energy cycles. The only direct observations ecosystem-scale fluxes, example, by eddy covariance flux towers, yet been systematically assessed what tell us about potentials, state-of-the-art remote sensing products land-surface models being widely used inform policymaking implementation. As a result, there is critical mismatch between point- tree-scale most assess impacts, ecosystem landscape projects implemented, continental relevant policymaking. Here, we propose research agenda confront these gaps using tools long understand mechanisms driving cycling, but applied NbCS. We outline steps creating robust assessments at both informed observations, which consider concurrent future climate feedbacks, need equitable inclusive implementation strategies. contend goals largely be accomplished shifting pre-existing blended together, although also highlight some opportunities more radical shifts in approach.

Language: Английский

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Land Data Assimilation: Harmonizing Theory and Data in Land Surface Process Studies

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(1)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Data assimilation plays a dual role in advancing the “scientific” understanding and serving as an “engineering tool” for Earth system sciences. Land data (LDA) has evolved into distinct discipline within geophysics, facilitating harmonization of theory allowing land models observations to complement constrain each other. Over recent decades, substantial progress been made theory, methodology, application LDA, necessitating holistic in‐depth exploration its full spectrum. Here, we present thorough review elucidating theoretical methodological developments LDA distinctive features. This encompasses breakthroughs addressing strong nonlinearities surface processes, exploring potential machine learning approaches assimilation, quantifying uncertainties arising from multiscale spatial correlation, simultaneously estimating model states parameters. proven successful enhancing prediction various processes (including soil moisture, snow, evapotranspiration, streamflow, groundwater, irrigation temperature), particularly realms water energy cycles. outlines development global, regional, catchment‐scale systems software platforms, proposing grand challenges generating reanalysis coupled land‒atmosphere DA. We lastly highlight opportunities expand applications pure geophysical natural human by ingesting deluge observation social sensing data. The paper synthesizes current knowledge provides steppingstone future development, promoting driven theory‐data studies.

Language: Английский

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A Digital Twin of the terrestrial water cycle: a glimpse into the future through high-resolution Earth observations

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: March 5, 2024

Climate change is profoundly affecting the global water cycle, increasing likelihood and severity of extreme water-related events. Better decision-support systems are vital to accurately predict monitor environmental disasters optimally manage resources. These must integrate advances in remote sensing, situ , citizen observations with high-resolution Earth system modeling, artificial intelligence (AI), information communication technologies, high-performance computing. Digital Twin (DTE) models a ground-breaking solution offering digital replicas simulate processes unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Advances observation (EO) satellite technology pivotal, here we provide roadmap for exploitation these methods DTE hydrology. The 4-dimensional Hydrology datacube now fuses EO data advanced modeling soil moisture, precipitation, evaporation, river discharge, report latest validation Mediterranean Basin. This can be explored forecast flooding landslides irrigation precision agriculture. Large-scale implementation such will require further assess products across different regions climates; create compatible multidimensional datacubes, retrieval algorithms, that suitable multiple scales; uncertainty both models; enhance computational capacity via an interoperable, cloud-based processing environment embodying open principles; harness AI/machine learning. We outline how various planned missions facilitate hydrology toward benefit if scientific technological challenges identify addressed.

Language: Английский

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Assessing terrestrial water storage variations in Afghanistan using GRACE and FLDAS-Central Asia data

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101906 - 101906

Published: July 30, 2024

Afghanistan, Central Asia. In this study, we evaluated the terrestrial water storage dynamics in Afghanistan and its five major river basins using anomalies (TWSA) from three Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) mascons observations JPL, CSR, GSFC processing centers, Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System – Asia (FLDAS-CA) simulation. Since 2008, due to intense prolonged drought conditions groundwater overexploitation, TWS has been decreasing at an alarming rate. The average slopes of TWSA trend for GRACE period (2003–2016) products range between − 3.6 4.8 mm/year. decrease is further exacerbated during GRACE-FO (2019–2022), ranging 20.4 30 Because heavily relied on country but human-induced change (i.e., extraction) not simulated FLDAS-CA, a significant difference could be observed FLDAS-CA results, especially following after each severe event (e.g., 2018) when substantial extraction occurred. assimilation into framework will undoubtedly have positive impact decision-makers local stakeholders preparing mitigating impacts overexploitation

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of ERA5, ERA5-Land, GLDAS-2.1, and GLEAM potential evapotranspiration data over mainland China

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 101651 - 101651

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

China. Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) is essential for understanding climate change. Using ground-based pan evaporation measurements over continental China, the monthly scale PET data during 2000–2017 ERA5, ERA5-Land, GLDAS-2.1/Noah, and GLEAM V3.8a are evaluated, from perspectives their consistency in spatiotemporal variation, performance measures. Factors controlling quality four datasets investigated perspective calculation models meteorologically input data. PETERA5 performs best mainland China among gridded with higher correlation coefficients (r) smaller biases, which can well capture temporal variation Epan. The outstanding mainly results utilization Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation several competing formulas computation, as its better meteorological inputs computing than other datasets. Although PETERA5-Land a replay land component ERA5 reanalysis, it exhibits substantial overestimation values trends, particularly coastal areas Southern eastern side Northeastern caused by net radiation. PETGLDAS shows significant overestimation, partly due to wind speed, but mostly modified P-M parameterization surface conditions PETGLDAS. PETGLEAM underestimated generally joint effect use Priestley-Taylor small P-T parameter α, underestimation radiation ERA-Interim, especially Northwest Qinghai Tibet.

Language: Английский

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AI-empowered next-generation multiscale climate modelling for mitigation and adaptation

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 963 - 971

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Hydro-pedotransfer functions: a roadmap for future development

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 3391 - 3433

Published: July 29, 2024

Abstract. Hydro-pedotransfer functions (PTFs) relate easy-to-measure and readily available soil information to hydraulic properties (SHPs) for applications in a wide range of process-based empirical models, thereby enabling the assessment effects on hydrological, biogeochemical, ecological processes. At least more than 4 decades research have been invested derive such relationships. However, while methods, data storage capacity, computational efficiency advanced, there are fundamental concerns related scope adequacy current PTFs, particularly when applied parameterise models used at field scale beyond. Most PTF development process has focused refining advancing regression aspects remained largely unconsidered. systems not represented which built mostly agricultural soils temperate climates. Thus, existing PTFs ignore how parent material, vegetation, land use, climate affect processes that shape SHPs. The Richards–Richardson equation limited predicting parameters van Genuchten–Mualem functions, despite sufficient evidence demonstrating their shortcomings. Another issue relates diverging scales derivation application, whereby derived based laboratory measurements often being regional scales. Scaling, modulation, constraining strategies exist alleviate some these shortcomings mismatch between These addressed here joint effort by members International Soil Modelling Consortium (ISMC) Pedotransfer Functions Working Group with aim systematising providing roadmap guiding both use. We close 10-point catalogue funders researchers guide review research.

Language: Английский

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Soil moisture controls over carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions: a review

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

This literature review synthesizes the role of soil moisture in regulating carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions (CS-GHG). Soil directly affects photosynthesis, respiration, microbial activity, organic matter dynamics, with optimal levels enhancing storage while extremes, such as drought flooding, disrupt these processes. A quantitative analysis is provided on effects CS-GHG across various ecosystems climatic conditions, highlighting a "Peak Decline" pattern for CO₂ at 40% water-filled pore space (WFPS), CH₄ N₂O peak higher (60–80% around 80% WFPS, respectively). The also examines ecosystem models, discussing how dynamics are incorporated to simulate nutrient cycling. Sustainable management practices, including conservation agriculture, agroforestry, optimized water management, prove effective mitigating GHG by maintaining ideal levels. further emphasizes importance advancing multiscale observations feedback modeling through high-resolution remote sensing ground-based data integration, well hybrid frameworks. interactive model-experiment framework emerges promising approach linking experimental model refinement, enabling continuous improvement predictions. From policy perspective, shifting focus from short-term agricultural productivity long-term crucial. Achieving this shift will require financial incentives, robust monitoring systems, collaboration among stakeholders ensure sustainable practices effectively contribute climate mitigation goals.

Language: Английский

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Representativeness of FLUXNET Sites Across Latin America

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(3)

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Abstract Environmental observatory networks (EONs) provide information to understand and forecast the spatial temporal dynamics of Earth's biophysical processes. Consequently, representativeness analyses are important insights for improving EONs' management, design, interpretation their value‐added products. We assessed registered FLUXNET sites ( n = 41, revised on September 2018) across Latin America (LA), a region great importance global carbon water cycles, which represents 13% world's land surface. Nearly 46% located in evergreen broad‐leaf forests followed by woody savannas (∼20%). Representativeness were performed using 0.05° grid multiple environmental variables, gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET). Our results showed potential 34% surface area climate properties, 36% terrain parameters, soil resources, 45% when all aforementioned variables summarized into principal component analysis. Furthermore, there was 48% GPP ET. Unfortunately, data from these 41 not readily available scientific community, limiting synthesis studies model benchmarking/parametrization. The implication is that global/regional data‐driven products forced use outside LA predict patterns LA. could increase 86% (for GPP) 80% ET) if 200 optimally distributed. discussed ongoing challenges, need enhance interoperability sharing, promote monitoring efforts accuracy regional‐to‐global

Language: Английский

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Tackling unresolved questions in forest ecology: The past and future role of simulation models

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 3746 - 3770

Published: March 30, 2021

Abstract Understanding the processes that shape forest functioning, structure, and diversity remains challenging, although data on systems are being collected at a rapid pace across scales. Forest models have long history in bridging with ecological knowledge can simulate dynamics over spatio‐temporal scales unreachable by most empirical investigations. We describe development different modelling communities followed to underpin leverage simulation offer for advancing our understanding of ecosystems. Using three widely applied but contrasting approaches – species distribution models, individual‐based dynamic global vegetation as examples, we show how scientific technical advances led transgress their initial objectives limitations. provide an overview recent model applications current important topics pinpoint ten key questions could, should, be tackled next decade. Synthesis. This shows due complementarity mutual enrichment, represent invaluable toolkit address wide range fundamental questions, hence fostering deeper context change.

Language: Английский

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