Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 10, 2025
This
study
conducted
laboratory
experiments
to
investigate
the
bedload
transport
within
a
patchy
submerged
canopy
across
range
of
patch
area
densities
and
spatial
configurations.
The
(
ϕp
),
defined
as
bed
fraction
covered
by
patches,
ranged
from
0
0.56,
while
configurations
varied
channel-spanning
patches
laterally
unconfined
patches.
At
low
density
id="im2">ϕp<
0.3),
id="im3">ϕp
increased,
more
flow
passed
over
top
canopy,
decreasing
near-bed
velocity.
However,
formation
turbulent
wakes
around
individual
increased
kinetic
energy
(TKE).
These
opposing
trends
led
mild
decrease
in
rate
with
increasing
id="im4">ϕp
.
In
contrast,
at
high
id="im5">ϕp>
both
velocity
TKE
decreased
id="im6">ϕp
,
resulting
sharp
rate.
Furthermore,
same
id="im7">ϕp
were
associated
lower
transport,
compared
A
predictive
model
for
that
incorporated
mean
provided
accurate
predictions
than
models
based
only
on
time-averaged
(bed
stress)
or
TKE.
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(4)
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
The
structure
of
the
bottom
boundary
layer
(BBL)
in
aquatic
flows
influences
a
range
biophysical
processes,
including
sediment
transport,
hyporheic
exchange,
and
biofilm
formation.
While
BBL
above
bare
beds
has
been
well
studied,
little
is
known
about
complex
near‐bed
flow
within
vegetation.
In
this
study,
we
used
high‐resolution
laboratory
measurements
numerical
Large
Eddy
Simulations
to
investigate
mean
turbulent
properties
staggered‐ordered
emergent
vegetation
under
wide
conditions
densities.
There
strong
spatial
variability
key
characteristics
on
scale
elements.
Measurement
locations
that
provide
single‐point
closest
spatially
averaged
values
were
identified.
thickness
influenced
strongly
by
density.
This
impact
density
engendered
through
its
direct
control
kinetic
energy
(TKE),
which
turn
negatively
correlated
with
thickness,
both
locally
given
across
studied
here.
A
model
based
TKE
developed
predict
and,
ultimately,
bed
shear
stress.
Model
predictions
close
agreement
experimental
results.
These
findings
new
insights
into
physical
links
between
variables
therefore
contribute
understanding
some
processes
present
vegetated
flows.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
There
is
an
urgent
need
to
predict
the
bed-load
transport
rate
in
vegetated
river
ecosystems
support
restoration
efforts.
In
response,
we
have
developed
a
novel
model
for
estimating
effective
shear
stress
acting
on
riverbed.
This
based
energy
equation
and
considers
intrinsic
relationship
between
loss
mean
flow
turbulence
generated
by
vegetation
open
channel
flows
with
emergent
vegetation.
Using
this
bed
model,
assessed
performance
of
Meyer-Peter–Müller
(MPM)
formula
predicting
comparing
it
collected
literature
experimental
data.
The
results
revealed
that
MPM
does
not
provide
accurate
predictions.
It
tends
overestimate
when
dimensionless
approximately
less
than
one
underestimate
them
greater
one.
suggests
enhances
decreases
sediment
larger
or
lower
one,
respectively.
Consequently,
modified
coefficients
using
extensive
data,
leading
development
predictive
flows.
new
outperforms
existing
equations
bedload
rate,
even
umbrella-like
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(5)
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract
Widely
distributed
in
natural
rivers
and
coasts,
vegetation
interacts
with
fluid
flows
sediments
a
variable
complicated
manner.
Such
interactions
make
it
difficult
to
predict
associated
drag
forces
during
sediment
transport.
This
paper
investigates
the
coefficient
for
an
emergent
vegetated
patch
area
under
nonuniform
flow
mobile
bed
conditions,
based
on
analytical
model
solving
momentum
equation
following
our
previous
work
(Zhang
et
al.,
2020,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027613
).
Emergent
was
modeled
rigid
cylinders
arranged
staggered
arrays
of
different
coverage
∅.
Laboratory
flume
tests
were
conducted
measure
variations
both
water
surfaces
along
sand
bed.
Based
experimental
theoretical
analyses,
dimensionless
integrating
terms
properties
effects
is
proposed
C
d
over
The
calculated
values
exhibit
two
trends,
that
is,
nonmonotonically
or
monotonically
increasing
streamwise
direction,
due
combined
effect
surface
gradient
slope.
morphodynamic
response
manifests
as
evolution
slope
within
patch.
Ongoing
scouring
directs
flow's
energy
toward
overcoming
rising
slope,
leading
relatively
stable
stage
low
transport
rate.
study
advances
existing
understanding
coefficient's
role
flows.
It
also
enhances
applicability
models
riverine
restoration.
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
125(5)
Published: April 6, 2020
Abstract
Seagrass
meadows
can
retain
fine
particles,
improving
water
clarity
and
promoting
carbon
sequestration.
Laboratory
experiments
were
conducted
to
investigate
the
influence
of
velocity
meadow
density
on
retention
particles
within
a
meadow.
Vertical
profiles
turbulent
kinetic
energy
(
TKE
)
measured
along
model
The
net
deposition
was
using
microscope
slides
positioned
inside
outside
correlated
with
evolution
At
leading
edge,
decreased
over
distance
L
r
,
relative
bare
bed,
which
associated
region
vertical
updraft
elevated
.
Net
increased
from
decrease
in
In
some
cases,
distinct
peak
observed
at
p
minimum
Both
increasing
density.
Deposition
fully
developed
decreasing
stem
channel
velocity,
for
lowest
highest
less
than
that
channel.
Diminished
linked
resuspension
driven
by
stem‐generated
turbulence.
A
canopy‐averaged
validated
used
explore
range
field
conditions
would
be
reduced,
support
accumulation
organic
material
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
56(7)
Published: June 22, 2020
Abstract
Simulation
of
suspended
sediment
concentration
(SSC)
has
great
significance
in
predicting
the
transport
rate,
vegetation
growth,
and
river
ecosystem
channels.
The
present
study
focuses
on
investigating
vertical
SSC
profile
vegetated
open
channel
flows.
To
this
end,
a
model
dispersive
flux
is
proposed
which
coefficient
expressed
as
partitioned
linear
above
or
below
half
height
vegetation.
double‐averaging
method,
that
is,
time‐spatial
average,
applied
to
investigate
analytical
solution
both
submerged
emergent
flows
obtained
by
solving
advection‐diffusion
equation.
morphological
coefficient,
key
factor
fitting
existing
experimental
data.
analytically
predicted
agrees
well
with
measurements,
indicating
can
be
used
accurately
predict
Results
show
term
ignored
region
without
vegetation,
while
significant
effect
within
demonstrates
closely
related
density,
structure,
stem
Reynolds
number
but
little
relation
flow
depth.
With
few
exceptions,
absolute
value
decreases
increase
density
increases
Geophysical Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
48(21)
Published: Oct. 17, 2021
Abstract
Vegetation
provides
habitat
and
nature‐based
solutions
to
coastal
flooding
erosion,
drawing
significant
interest
in
its
restoration,
which
requires
an
understanding
of
sediment
transport
retention.
Laboratory
experiments
examined
the
influence
stem
diameter
arrangement
on
bedload
by
considering
arrays
different
mixed
diameters.
Bedload
rate
was
observed
depend
turbulent
kinetic
energy,
with
no
dependence
diameter,
shown
be
consistent
impulse
model
for
entrainment.
Existing
predictors
bare
beds,
based
bed
shear
stress,
were
recast
terms
turbulence.
The
new
turbulence‐based
predicted
measured
canopies
across
a
range
conditions
drawn
from
several
previous
studies.
A
prediction
turbulence
biomass
velocity
also
described,
providing
important
step
toward
predicting
real
vegetation
morphology.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(3)
Published: Feb. 20, 2023
Bank
angle
and
floodplain
vegetation
emergence
determine
the
flow
nature
in
a
compound
channel.
Two
sets
of
45°
90°
bank
channel
is
considered
present
work.
Each
set
considers
three
cases
arrangements:
no
vegetation,
multi-layered
fully
submerged,
partially
emergent.
The
characteristics
like
velocity,
Reynolds
shear
stress
(RSS),
turbulent
kinetic
energy
(TKE)
do
not
vary
much
cross
section
absence
vegetation.
However,
with
slopes
nearby
region
are
affected
most
as
it
acts
an
intermediary
between
main
floodplain.
An
analysis
anisotropic
invariant
map
shows
dominance
transverse
component
compared
to
velocity
around
higher
for
steep
(90°)
gradual
slope
(45°)
streamwise
RSS
bursting
events
also
show
magnitude
near
bed
sloping
region.
This
indicates
instability
banks
slopes.
increase
affects
TKE
greater
vulnerability
presence
emergence.
From
hydraulic
engineering
perspective,
this
study
will
be
helpful
field
understanding
failure
ways
maintain
their
stability.
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21, P. 100429 - 100429
Published: May 10, 2024
In-channel
vegetation
is
ubiquitous
in
aquatic
environments
and
plays
a
critical
role
the
fate
transport
of
solutes
particles
ecosystems.
Recent
studies
have
advanced
our
understanding
solute
flow
particle
This
review
summarizes
these
papers
discusses
impacts
emergent
rigid
on
surface
flow,
advection
dispersion
solutes,
suspended
load
transport,
bedload
hyporheic
exchange.
The
two
competing
effects
above
processes
are
discussed.
On
one
hand,
reduces
mean
velocity
at
same
slope,
which
mass
transport.
other
velocity,
generates
turbulence,
enhances
Mechanistic
predictive
equations
derived
from
laboratory
experiments
Predictive
for
turbulent
kinetic
energy
inside
an
canopy
based
force
balance.
advection-dispersion
process,
exchange
summarized.
vegetation-related
factors,
such
as
morphology,
submergence,
flexibility,
briefly
transporting
particles,
micro-
macro-plastics,
also
Finally,
suggestions
future
research
directions
proposed
to
advance
dynamic
interplays
among
natural
vegetation,
dynamics,
sedimentary
processes.
