Widespread woody plant use of water stored in bedrock

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7875), P. 225 - 229

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Global patterns of water storage in the rooting zones of vegetation

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

The rooting-zone water-storage capacity-the amount of water accessible to plants-controls the sensitivity land-atmosphere exchange and carbon during dry periods. How capacity varies spatially is largely unknown not directly observable. Here we estimate globally from relationship between remotely sensed vegetation activity, measured by combining evapotranspiration, sun-induced fluorescence radiation estimates, cumulative deficit calculated daily time series precipitation evapotranspiration. Our findings indicate plant-available stores that exceed storage 2-m-deep soils across 37% Earth's vegetated surface. We find biome-level variations capacities correlate with observed depth distributions reflect influence hydroclimate, as magnitude annual water-deficit extremes. Smaller-scale are linked topography land use. document large spatial in effective root-zone illustrate a tight link among climatology deficits, rooting its stress.

Language: Английский

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Hydrological Intensification Will Increase the Complexity of Water Resource Management

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle by altering rate of water fluxes to and from terrestrial surface, resulting in an increase extreme precipitation events longer dry spells. Prior intensification work has largely focused on without joint consideration evaporative demand changes how plants respond these changes. Informed state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we examine projected its role complicating resources management using a framework that accounts for surplus demand. Using metric combines difference between daily (surplus events) consecutive days when exceeds (deficit time), show that, globally, will become larger (+11.5% +18.5% moderate high emission scenarios, respectively) duration them (+5.1%; +9.6%) end century, with largest northern latitudes. The intra‐annual occurrence extremes stress existing infrastructure major river basins, where over one third years during 2070–2100 under emissions scenario be hydrologically intense (large increases intensity deficit tripling historical baseline. Larger are found basins large reservoir capacity (e.g., Amazon, Congo, Danube River Basins), which have significant populations, irrigate considerable farmland, support threatened endangered aquatic species. Incorporating flexibility into resource paramount continued intensification.

Language: Английский

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Tree water uptake patterns across the globe

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(5), P. 1891 - 1910

Published: April 22, 2024

Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge how distribution depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, seasons scarce relative to our aboveground plant functions. With literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves conifers), illustrating importance hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records rooting with WUD, observed consistently deeper maximum largest differences in arid regions - indicating deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing majority uptake. The most ubiquitous observation was woody plants switch sources layers highest availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts occur globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration hydraulic safety. While there still significant gaps understanding consistency ecosystems allows integration existing into next generation process models.

Language: Английский

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Are catchments leaky?

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(6)

Published: Sept. 4, 2019

Abstract Catchments, generally understood as the drainage areas of low‐order streams, are often regarded closed hydrologic entities; that is, precipitation ( P ) minus evapotranspiration (ET) over a catchment equates stream outflow Q r ). Here, we review evidence catchments can be leaky due to groundwater or inflow across topographic divides, based on mass balance continent and several site‐based studies globe. It appears is more likely with combination following factors: small size, positioned at either high low end steep regional climatic gradient, underlain by deep permeable substrates extend beyond study catchment, in drier climate dry seasons droughts. Catchment leakage has hydrological, geochemical, ecological implications. Thus, best framed semiclosed units perched top larger, hydrogeological system no real boundaries regarding movement water solutes. This article categorized under: Science Water > Hydrological Processes Life Nature Freshwater Ecosystems

Language: Английский

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Digging deeper: what the critical zone perspective adds to the study of plant ecophysiology

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 226(3), P. 666 - 671

Published: Jan. 8, 2020

Summary The emergence of critical zone (CZ) science has provided an integrative platform for investigating plant ecophysiology in the context landscape evolution, weathering and hydrology. CZ lies between top vegetation canopy fresh, chemically unaltered bedrock plays a pivotal role sustaining life. We consider what perspective recently brought to study ecophysiology. specifically highlight novel research demonstrating importance deeper subsurface water nutrient relations. also point knowledge gaps opportunities, emphasising, particular, greater focus on roles deep, nonsoil resources how those influence coevolve with plants as frontier ecophysiological research.

Language: Английский

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Topographic, soil, and climate drivers of drought sensitivity in forests and shrublands of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 28, 2020

Abstract Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, with major impacts ecosystems globally. Broad-scale assessments vegetation responses drought are needed anticipate, manage, potentially mitigate climate-change effects on ecosystems. We quantified sensitivity in Pacific Northwest, USA, as percent reduction greenness under droughts relative baseline moisture conditions. At a regional scale, shrub-steppe ecosystems—with drier climates lower biomass—showed greater than conifer forests. However, variability was considerable within biomes mediated by landscape topography, climate, soil characteristics. Drought generally areas higher elevation, bulk density. Ecosystems high included dry forests along ecotones shrublands, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests, cold upland sagebrush communities. In valley bottoms low density available water capacity showed reduced sensitivity, suggesting their potential refugia. These regional-scale drought-sensitivity patterns discerned from remote sensing can complement plot-scale studies plant physiological help inform climate-adaptation planning conditions intensify.

Language: Английский

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Forest vulnerability to drought controlled by bedrock composition

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 714 - 719

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 3489 - 3514

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract In 2020, the Australian and New Zealand flux research monitoring network, OzFlux, celebrated its 20 th anniversary by reflecting on lessons learned through two decades of ecosystem studies global change biology. OzFlux is a network not only for researchers, but also those ‘next users’ knowledge, information data that such networks provide. Here, we focus eight across topics climate variability, disturbance resilience, drought heat stress synergies with remote sensing modelling. distilling key learned, identify where further needed to fill knowledge gaps improve utility relevance outputs from OzFlux. Extreme variability Australia (droughts flooding rains) provides natural laboratory understanding ecosystems in this time accelerating change. As evidence worsening fire risk emerges, ability these recover disturbances, as cyclones, adaptation resilience disturbance. Drought heatwaves are common occurrences large parts region can tip an ecosystem's carbon budget net CO 2 sink source. Despite responses stress, at sites show their rapidly pivoting back strong upon return favourable conditions. Located under‐represented areas, have potential reducing uncertainties products, provide several opportunities develop new theories our models. The accumulated impacts over last years highlights value long‐term observations managed systems. A future vision includes ongoing newly developed ecophysiologists, ecologists, geologists, sensors modellers.

Language: Английский

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Evaporation enhancement drives the European water-budget deficit during multi-year droughts

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1527 - 1543

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract. In a warming climate, periods with lower than average precipitation will increase in frequency and intensity. During such periods, known as meteorological droughts, the decline annual runoff may be proportionally larger corresponding precipitation. Reasons behind this exacerbation of deficit during dry remain largely unknown, challenges predictability when occur future how intense it be. work, we tested hypothesis that droughts is common feature across climates, driven by evaporation enhancement. We relied on multidecadal records streamflow for more 200 catchment areas various European which distinctively show emergence similar exacerbated identified previous studies, i.e. order −20 % to −40 less what expected from deficits. The magnitude two three times basins located regions wet regions, qualitatively correlated an +11 +33 over characterized energy-limited water-limited regimes, respectively. Thus, enhanced atmospheric vegetation demand moisture induces nonlinear precipitation-runoff relationship low-flow results unexpectedly large decrease already low water availability. Forecasting onset, magnitude, duration these drops have paramount societal ecological implications, especially given their supporting role safeguarding water, food, energy. outcome are prone climates regimes makes further understanding its patterns urgent priority water-resource planning management drier climate.

Language: Английский

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