HTAP3 Fires: Towards a multi-model, multi-pollutant study of fire impacts DOI Creative Commons
Cynthia Whaley, Tim Butler, J.A. Adame

et al.

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract. Open biomass burning has major impacts globally and regionally on atmospheric composition. Fire emissions include particulate matter, tropospheric ozone precursors, greenhouse gases, as well persistent organic pollutants, mercury other metals. frequency, intensity, duration, location are changing the climate warms, modelling these fires their is becoming more critical to inform adaptation mitigation, land management. Indeed, air pollution from can reverse progress made by emission controls industry transportation. At same time, nearly all aspects of fire – such emissions, plume injection height, long-range transport, chemistry highly uncertain. This paper outlines a multi-model, multi-pollutant, multi-regional study improve understanding uncertainties variability in science, models, fires’ impacts, addition providing quantitative estimates radiative burning. Coordinated under auspices Task Force Hemispheric Transport Air Pollution, international science communities working towards common goal improving global using this multi-model experiment provide for impact studies. research needs, opportunities, options fire-focused experiments provides guidance experiments, outputs, analysis that be pursued over next 3 5 years. It proposes plan delivering specific products at key points period meet important milestones relevant policy audiences.

Language: Английский

Global population exposure to landscape fire air pollution from 2000 to 2019 DOI Creative Commons
Rongbin Xu, Tingting Ye, Xu Yue

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 521 - 529

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Wildfires are thought to be increasing in severity and frequency as a result of climate change1-5. Air pollution from landscape fires can negatively affect human health4-6, but exposure fire-sourced (LFS) air has not been well characterized at the global scale7-23. Here, we estimate daily LFS outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) surface ozone concentrations 0.25° × resolution during period 2000-2019 with help machine learning chemical transport models. We found that overall population-weighted average PM2.5 were 2.5 µg m-3 (6.1% all-source PM2.5) 3.2 (3.6% ozone), respectively, 2010-2019, slight increase for PM2.5, ozone, compared 2000-2009. Central Africa, Southeast Asia, South America Siberia experienced highest concentrations. The about four times higher low-income countries than high-income countries. During 2.18 billion people exposed least 1 day substantial per year, each person world having, on average, 9.9 days year. These two metrics increased by 6.8% 2.1%, Overall, find population is increasingly pollution, socioeconomic disparities.

Language: Английский

Citations

92
The Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2.5: an updated global fire emissions model for climate and chemistry applications DOI Creative Commons
Christine Wiedinmyer, Yosuke Kimura,

Elena McDonald‐Buller

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 3873 - 3891

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract. We present the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) version 2.5 (FINNv2.5), a fire emissions inventory that provides publicly available of trace gases and aerosols various applications, including use in global regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. FINNv2.5 includes numerous updates to FINN 1 framework better represent burned area, vegetation burned, chemicals emitted. Major changes include active detections Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at 375 m spatial resolution, which allows smaller fires be included processing. The calculation area has been updated such more rigorous approach is used aggregate detections, accounts larger enables using multiple satellite products simultaneously estimates. Fuel characterization factors have also FINNv2.5. Daily many are determined 2002–2019 (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-only detections) 2012–2019 (MODIS + VIIRS detections). non-methane organic gas allocated species several commonly chemical mechanisms. compare against other widely inventories. performance as inputs transport model assessed with observations. Uncertainties estimates remain, particularly Africa South America during August–October southeast equatorial Asia March April. Recommendations future evaluation given.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) DOI Creative Commons
C. Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack E. Dibb

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(2)

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Abstract The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) experiment was a multi‐agency, inter‐disciplinary research effort to: (a) obtain detailed measurements of trace gas aerosol emissions from wildfires prescribed fires using aircraft, satellites ground‐based instruments, (b) make extensive suborbital remote sensing fire dynamics, (c) assess local, regional, global modeling fires, (d) strengthen connections observables the ground such as fuels fuel consumption satellite products burned area radiative power. From Boise, ID western were studied with NASA DC‐8 two NOAA Twin Otter aircraft. high‐altitude ER‐2 deployed Palmdale, CA observe some these in conjunction overpasses other Further conducted three mobile laboratories sites, 17 different forecast analyses for fire, air quality climate implications. Salina, KS investigated 87 smaller Southeast in‐situ data collection. Sampling by all platforms designed measure gases aerosols multiple transects capture chemical transformation perform observations smoke plumes under day night conditions. linked consumed power orbital collected during overflights sampling fuels.

Language: Английский

Citations

82
The Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2.5: an updated global fire emissions model for climate and chemistry applications DOI Creative Commons
Christine Wiedinmyer, Yosuke Kimura,

Elena McDonald‐Buller

et al.

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Abstract. We present the Fire Inventory from NCAR version 2.5 (FINNv2.5), a fire emissions inventory that provides publicly available of trace gases and aerosols for various applications, including use in global regional atmospheric chemistry modeling. FINNv2.5 includes numerous updates to FINN 1 framework better represent burned area, vegetation burned, chemicals emitted. Major changes include active detections Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at 375 m spatial resolution, which allows smaller fires be included processing. The calculation area has been updated such more rigorous approach is used aggregate detections, accounts larger enables using multiple satellite products simultaneously emission estimates. Fuel characterization factors have also FINNv2.5. Daily many are determined 2002–2019 (the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-only detections) 2012–2019 (MODIS+VIIRS detections). non-methane organic gas allocated species several commonly chemical mechanisms. compare against other widely inventories. performance as inputs transport model assessed with observations. Uncertainties estimates remain, recommendations future evaluation given.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Air Pollution Interactions with Weather and Climate Extremes: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Directions DOI
Cenlin He, Rajesh Kumar, Wenfu Tang

et al.

Current Pollution Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 430 - 442

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Reducing Long‐Standing Surface Ozone Overestimation in Earth System Modeling by High‐Resolution Simulation and Dry Deposition Improvement DOI Creative Commons
Yang Gao,

Wenbin Kou,

Wenxuan Cheng

et al.

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract The overestimation of surface ozone concentration in low‐resolution global atmospheric chemistry and climate models has been a long‐standing issue. We first update the dry deposition scheme both high‐ (0.25°) (1°) Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.3 runs, by adding effects leaf area index correcting sunlit shaded fractions stomatal resistances. With this update, 5‐year‐long summer simulations (2015–2019) using CESM still exhibit substantial (by 6.0–16.2 ppbv) over U.S., Europe, eastern China, pollution hotspots. is further improved adjusting cuticle conductance, reducing mean bias 19%, increasing model resolution reduces 43%. elucidate mechanism which grid spacing influences simulated ozone, revealing distinctive pathways urban versus rural areas. In areas, mainly affects daytime levels, where additional NO x emissions from nearby areas result an boost simulations. contrast, follows similar due to influence volatile organic compounds surrounding However, nighttime closely linked weakened titration owing redistribution Additionally, stratosphere‐troposphere exchange may also contribute high‐resolution simulations, warranting investigation. This optimized enhance understanding formation mechanisms, sources, changes warming climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Constraining emissions of volatile organic compounds from western US wildfires with WE-CAN and FIREX-AQ airborne observations DOI Creative Commons
Lixu Jin, Wade Permar, Vanessa Selimovic

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 5969 - 5991

Published: May 31, 2023

Abstract. The impact of biomass burning (BB) on the atmospheric burden volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is highly uncertain. Here we apply GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) to constrain BB emissions in western USA at ∼ 25 km resolution. Across three emission inventories widely used CTMs, inventory–inventory comparison suggests that totals 14 modeled VOC agree with each other within 30 %–40 %. However, for individual VOCs can differ by a factor 1–5, driven regionally averaged ratios (ERs, reflecting both assigned ERs specific biome and vegetation classifications) across inventories. We further evaluate simulations aircraft observations made during WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption Nitrogen) FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence Regional Global Environments Air Quality) field campaigns. Despite being different global or applying various injection height assumptions, model–observation underpredict observed vertical profiles 3–7. shows small no bias most species low-/no-smoke conditions. thus attribute negative biases mostly underestimated these Tripling reproduces primary compounds, i.e., CO, propane, benzene, toluene. it less significant improvements oxygenated VOCs, particularly formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic lumped ≥ C3 aldehydes, suggesting missing secondary sources BB-impacted environments. underestimation likely attributable underpredicted amounts effective dry matter burned, rather than errors fire detection, height, ERs, as constrained ground measurements. cannot rule out potential sub-grid uncertainties (i.e., not able fully resolve plumes) nested which could explain partially, though back-of-the-envelope calculation evaluation using longer-term measurements help support argument burned underestimation. total implemented only account half 161 measured (∼ 75 versus 150 ppb ppm−1). This reveals amount reactive carbon Considering (× 3) unmodeled 2), infer contributed 10 % 2019 45 2018 (240 2040 Gg C) flux two seasons, compared 1 %–10 standard GEOS-Chem.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Reactive Nitrogen Partitioning Enhances the Contribution of Canadian Wildfire Plumes to US Ozone Air Quality DOI Creative Commons
Meiyun Lin, Larry W. Horowitz, Lu Hu

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(15)

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Abstract Quantifying the variable impacts of wildfire smoke on ozone air quality is challenging. Here we use airborne measurements from 2018 Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE‐CAN) to parameterize emissions reactive nitrogen (NO y ) wildfires into peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN; 37%), NO 3 − (27%), (36%) in a global chemistry‐climate model with 13 km spatial resolution over contiguous US. The partitioning, compared emitting all as NO, reduces bias near‐fire plumes sampled by aircraft enhances downwind 5–10 ppbv when Canadian travel Washington, Utah, Colorado, Texas. Using multi‐platform observations, identify smoke‐influenced days daily maximum 8‐hr average (MDA8) 70–88 Kennewick, Salt Lake City, Denver Dallas. On these days, enhanced MDA8 5–25 ppbv, through produced remotely during plume transport locally via interactions urban emissions.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Description and performance of a sectional aerosol microphysical model in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) DOI Creative Commons
Simone Tilmes, Michael Mills, Yunqian Zhu

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 6087 - 6125

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract. We implemented the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) in both high- low-top model versions of Earth System Version 2 (CESM2). CARMA is a sectional microphysical model, which we use aerosol troposphere stratosphere. fully coupled to chemistry, clouds, radiation, transport routines CESM2. This development enables comparison simulations with modal (MAM4) same modeling framework. The new implementation has been adopted from previous work, some additions that align current CESM2 Modal implementation. main updates include an interactive secondary organic description CARMA, using volatility basis set (VBS) approach, updated wet removal, transient emissions aerosols trace gases. In addition, alternative nucleation scheme also used MAM4. Detailed comparisons stratospheric properties after Mount Pinatubo eruption reveal importance prescribing sulfur injections larger region rather than single column better represent observed evolution aerosols. Both MAM4 are able tropospheric reasonably well when compared observations. Several differences performance two models show, general, improved representation These size distribution volcanic produces on average smaller less removal results total mass. reproduce optical depth (AOD) within error bar observations between 2001 2020, except recent eruptions overestimated by configurations. background surface area density stratosphere compare observations, underestimation Aitken-mode range. shows shortcomings reproducing coarse-mode distributions troposphere. work outlines additional needs improve

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Modeling the Air Pollution and Aerosol‐PBL Interactions Over China Using a Variable‐Resolution Global Model DOI Open Access
Man Yue, Xinyi Dong, Minghuai Wang

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 128(22)

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Modeling air quality has always been a challenge in global models constrained by coarse grids. Here, the variable‐resolution Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry based on scalable spectral element (SE) dynamical core (MUSICAv0) is applied simulating pollution finer grid resolution of ∼0.25° over East Asia (SE_VR), contrast to same model uniform ∼1.0° (SE_UR). Two nudging experiments and four free‐running are conducted investigate capabilities SE_VR modeling aerosol‐planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions China. Results show regional refinement essential for haze events complex terrain areas attributed its better performance representing local vertical horizontal dispersion conditions. shows prominent advantages SE_UR surface ozone because resolving spatial segregation NO x volatile organic compounds (VOC) chemical regimes subsequently more detailed processes related formation, although generally overestimates Further analysis daytime radiative effect black carbon (BC) aerosols lowers PBL height 12.0% (17.9%), leads an increase PM 2.5 14.5% (10.8%) under moderate (severe) conditions Sichuan Basin. However, deficiencies BC‐PBL due inability reproduce strong inverse temperature structure caused BC lower atmosphere layer. Our results highlight value climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

13