Megacities are causal pacemakers of extreme heatwaves

npj Urban Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Abstract Global climate change has been shown to cause longer, more intense, and frequent heatwaves, of which anthropogenic stressors concentrated in urban areas are a critical contributor. In this study, we investigate the causal interactions during heatwaves across 520 sites U.S. combining complex network analysis. The presence regional mediators is manifest constructed networks, together with long-range teleconnections. More importantly, megacities, such as New York City Chicago, causally connected most other cities mediate structure networks heatwaves. We also identified significantly positive correlation between causality strength total populations megacities. These findings corroborate contribution human activities e.g., emissions greenhouse gases or waste heat, emergence teleconnections supernodes informative for prediction adaptation under global change.

Language: Английский

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Preventing heat-related deaths: The urgent need for a global early warning system for heat

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(7), P. e0000437 - e0000437

Published: July 1, 2024

Heatwaves are the deadliest weather hazard and people societies across world continue to suffer from heat-related impacts. Future climate projections show a troubling increase in cross-sectoral impacts including health economic risk presented by heatwaves. Many hazards such as floods droughts already have type of Early Warning System (EWS) or Global Alert System, but global heat early warning system currently does not exist. An accurate EWS can save lives promote adaptation society. Here, we (1) explore history Systems framed using Disaster Risk Reduction paradigms (2) identify potential barriers an integrated Heat system. Finally, discuss what learned identified current outline vision around four key themes, incorporating systems for low-, middle-, high-income countries requiring cross-sectoral, cross-government, interdisciplinary collaboration.

Language: Английский

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Concurrent Heat Extremes in Relation to Global Warming, High Atmospheric Pressure and Low Soil Moisture in the Northern Hemisphere

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Summer heat extremes increasingly co‐occur worldwide, posing disastrous impacts on our society and the environment. However, spatial pattern underlying mechanisms of concurrent remain unclear. We used a statistical framework to estimate concurrence strength in Northern Hemisphere identified their relationships global warming, atmospheric circulation, land‐atmosphere feedbacks. Concurrent over different regions have significantly increased from 1950 2023. Moreover, show strong strength, driving factors vary geographically. Global warming is responsible for long‐term increases frequency extremes, with most pronounced impact tropical regions. In absence trends, temporal variations are mainly caused by simultaneous high pressure controlled large‐scale circulations, particularly mid‐latitude While low soil moisture enhances regional through feedbacks, it plays minor role alone but can contribute combination high‐pressure anomalies. Given ever‐increasing risks study underscores importance identifying spatially improve prediction mitigation widespread heatwaves adverse socio‐economic sustainability human well‐being.

Language: Английский

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Effects of in situ experimental warming on metabolic expression in a soft sediment bivalve

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Ocean surface temperatures and the frequency intensity of marine heatwaves are increasing worldwide. Understanding how organisms respond adapt to heat pulses rapidly changing climate is crucial for predicting responses valued species ecosystems global warming. Here, we carried out an in situ experiment investigate sublethal spikes a functionally important intertidal bivalve, venerid clam Austrovenus stutchburyi. We describe changes metabolic under two warming scenarios (five days seven days) at sites (muddy sandy). Tidal flat during every low tide five affected abundance multiple functional metabolites within this species. The response was related pathways such as energetics, amino acid lipid metabolism, accumulation stress-related metabolites. There some recovery after cooler weather final experiment. degree change greater muddy versus sandy sediments. Our findings provide new evidence metabolomic these bivalve stress, which could be used resource managers when implementing strategies mitigate impacts on valuable resources.

Language: Английский

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Climatological patterns of heatwaves during winter and spring 2023 and trends for the period 1979–2023 in central South America

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

In the last 40 years, trends in heat wave frequency, intensity, and duration have increased steadily around world. These intense waves were characterized persistent atmospheric blocking episode, with a continuous presence of warm air mass lack rain for several consecutive days, that contributed to pronounced positive temperature anomalies, reinforced by extremely low soil moisture, drought conditions. The year 2023 was warmest on record, global average +1.45°C above pre-industrial (1850–1900) values worldwide. South America since 1900, 0.81°C 1991–2020 reference period. Central experienced sequence heatwaves series being most during autumn spring 2023. From August December 2023, meteorological services Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay Bolivia reported record-high maximum temperatures this period stations east Andes identified 7 episodes affected all these countries. large-scale circulation patterns show an anomalously high-pressure system facilitated formation dome through dry, hot columns over dry soil. Several locations about 10°C normal, some 40°C days row. aggravated Amazonia second half El Niño year. Compound drought-heat favored hydrological drought, while dryness amplified risk fires.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying moisture and sensible heat flux anomalies for compound drought and heat wave events in the Iberian Peninsula

Weather and Climate Extremes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100756 - 100756

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Uneven evolution of regional European summer heatwaves under climate change

Weather and Climate Extremes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 100648 - 100648

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Heatwaves (HWs) are extreme events magnified under climate change with critical implications for the human and environmental systems they impact. These phenomena generally investigated as a large-scale effect over extensive regions. However, their regional-to-local characteristics trends responsible specific effects on local communities. This study presents comprehensive analysis of evolution regional HWs covering 1950 to 2021 period across different European climates, central Europe (CE), France (FR), Iberian Peninsula (IP), including an remote relationship between summer heat periods winter-spring precipitation conditions. Our results confirm general increase in frequency, intensity, duration, spatial extent HW three domains but point out uneven change. While larger frequency number affects IP FR, it is CE, where largest observed most recent decades. Over north-western FR CE intense have recently registered, further HWs' long-lasting durations five six days tripled from sixties It indeed latter that substantial exposure observed. Probably, unalike progressions related proven differential rate warming mean hottest at northern southern influence soil conditions development CE.

Language: Английский

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Influence of large-scale circulation and local feedbacks on extreme summer heat in Argentina in 2022/23

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract The summer of 2022/23 in Argentina set a record with ten heatwaves. Here, we compare the synoptic and thermodynamic conditions four heatwaves largest spatial extent using ERA5 reanalysis data. All were associated mid-level anticyclonic anomalies but different characteristics: three quasi-stationary high-pressure systems, while one was transient. We also find that enhanced surface fluxes strongly influenced daily temperature evolution. Furthermore, perform an attribution exercise analogue technique to measure contributions atmospheric circulation, soil moisture, climate change. For events, main contribution came from circulation (up 2 °C relative random flow present climate). Conversely, transient heatwave showed stronger association extreme moisture deficits, estimated increase ~+1 wetter conditions. Climate change has increased intensity by +0.5 +1.2 previous decades.

Language: Английский

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Sketching the spatial disparities in heatwave trends by changing atmospheric teleconnections in the Northern Hemisphere

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Pronounced spatial disparities in heatwave trends are bound up with a diversity of atmospheric signals complex variations, including different phases and wavenumbers. However, assessing their relationships quantitatively remains challenging problem. Here, we use network-searching approach to identify the strengths heatwave-related teleconnections (AT) ERA5 reanalysis data. This way, quantify close links between intensity AT Northern Hemisphere. Approximately half interannual variability heatwaves is explained nearly 80% zonally asymmetric trend signs estimated correctly by changes mid-latitudes. We also uncover that likelihood extremely hot summers has increased sharply factor 4.5 after 2000 over areas enhanced AT, but remained almost unchanged attenuated AT. Furthermore, reproducing Eastern European among various models Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 largely depends on simulated Eurasian changes, highlighting potentially significant impact shifts simulation projection heatwaves.

Language: Английский

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Acceleration of daily land temperature extremes and correlations with surface energy fluxes

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Assessment of climate reanalysis data for land (ECMWF Re-Analysis v5; ERA5-Land) covering the last seven decades reveals regions where extreme daily mean temperatures are rising faster than average rate temperature rise 6 months highest background warmth. However, such acceleration is very heterogeneous, occurring only in some places including Europe, western part North America, parts southeast Asia and much South America. An ensemble Earth System Models (ESMs) over same period also shows across areas, but this enhancement more spatially uniform models it ERA5-Land. Examination projections from now to end 21st Century, with ESMs driven by emissions Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenario (SSP585) future changes atmospheric greenhouse gases, larger warming during days most areas. The increase high-temperature extremes different processes depending on location. In northern mid-latitudes, a key driver often decrease evaporative fraction available energy, consistent soil drying. By contrast, tropical Africa primarily due increased energy. These two drivers combine via surface energy balance equal sensible heat flux, which we find strongly correlated areas largest.

Language: Английский

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