Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 156(1)
Published: Dec. 12, 2024
Language: Английский
Atmospheric measurement techniques, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 555 - 567
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Abstract. Long-term observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere are important for climate studies and predictions, chemical dynamical process studies, modelling certain weather events with implications surface conditions. Measurements from an instrument making middle-atmosphere near Bern, Switzerland – named MIAWARA (MIddle Atmosphere WAter RAdiometer) have been completely reprocessed since 2010. This has comprised a new calibration which integrated into framework other University Bern radiometers retrieval algorithm. The installation spectrometer on also allowed comparison correction past observations. We present these corrected measurements their subsequent analysis against data Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). shows that spectra yield more consistent values mixing ratio between Aura MLS, lower standard deviation differences at all heights reduced bias two instruments pressure (height) levels below (above) 0.3 hPa.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 5, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 17, 2025
Abstract This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Panel (EEAP) of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) addresses interacting effects changes in stratospheric ozone, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate on environment human health. These include new modelling studies that confirm benefits Montreal Protocol protecting ozone layer its role maintaining a stable climate, both at low high latitudes. We also provide an update projected levels UV-radiation during twenty-first century. Potential environmental consequences intervention scenarios are briefly discussed, illustrating large uncertainties of, for example, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI). Modelling predict that, although SAI would cool Earth’s surface, other factors be affected, including depletion precipitation patterns. The contribution to global warming replacements ozone-depleting substances (ODS) assessed. With respect breakdown products chemicals under purview Protocol, risks ecosystem health from formation trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as degradation product ODS currently de minimis . change continue have complex interactive due largely activities. UV-radiation, weathering factors, microbial action contribute significantly plastic waste environment, affecting transport, fate, toxicity plastics terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, atmosphere. Sustainability demands drive industry innovations mitigate use disposal plastic-containing materials. Terrestrial ecosystems alpine polar environments increasingly being exposed enhanced earlier seasonal snow ice melt because extended periods depletion. Solar contributes decomposition dead plant material, which affects nutrient cycling, carbon storage, emission greenhouse gases, soil fertility. In loss cover is increasing area oceans with possible negative phytoplankton productivity. However, Arctic Ocean circulation suggests circulating progressively deeper ocean layers less UV irradiation. Human modified behaviour patterns, resulting exposure harmful or beneficial depending conditions skin type. For incidence melanoma has been associated increased air temperature, time spent outdoors thus UV-radiation. Overall, implementation Amendments mitigated deleterious
Language: Английский
Citations
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Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3623 - 3634
Published: March 27, 2025
Abstract. The January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HT) eruption injected sulfur dioxide and unprecedented amounts of water vapour (WV) into the stratosphere. Given manifold impacts previous volcanic eruptions, full implications these emissions are a topic active research. This study explores dynamical perturbed upper-atmospheric composition using an ensemble simulation with Earth system model SOCOLv4. simulations replicate observed anomalies in stratospheric lower-mesospheric chemical reveal novel pathway linking water-rich eruptions to surface climate anomalies. We show that early 2023 excess WV caused significant negative tropical upper-stratospheric mesospheric ozone temperature, forcing atmospheric circulation response particularly affected Northern Hemisphere polar vortex (PV). decreased temperature gradient leads weakening PV, which propagates downward similarly sudden warmings (SSWs) drives via stratosphere–troposphere coupling. These results underscore potential HT create favorable conditions for SSWs subsequent winters as long near-stratopause cooling effect persists. Our findings highlight complex interactions between activity dynamics offer crucial insights future modelling attribution.
Language: Английский
Citations
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Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3821 - 3839
Published: April 2, 2025
Abstract. The amount of time that volcanic aerosols spend in the stratosphere is one primary factors influencing climate impact eruptions. Stratospheric aerosol persistence has been described different ways, with many works quoting an approximately 12-month “residence time” for from large tropical Here, we aim to develop a framework describing evolution global stratospheric after major eruptions and quantifying its persistence, based on satellite-based observations, tracer transport simulations, simple conceptual modelling. We show residence air, which estimated through passive pulse experiments factor lifetime aerosols, strongly dependent injection latitude height, especially strong sensitivity height first 4 km above tropopause. Simulated best by model includes lag between initiation removal stratosphere. Based analysis 1991 Pinatubo eruption 22 months. estimate potential observational uncertainties this lifetime, finding it unlikely less than 18
Language: Английский
Citations
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Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(13)
Published: July 8, 2024
Abstract Large volcanic eruptions are known to influence the climate through a variety of mechanisms including aerosol‐forced cooling and warming via emitted CO 2 . The January 2022 Hunga shallow underwater eruption caused an increase in stratospheric water vapor, demonstrated how associated positive radiative forcing can be important component eruption's forcing. We present interactive aerosol model simulations super‐volcanic with range SO emissions that produce feedback effects produced by large igneous province (or “flood basalt”) mid‐latitude super‐eruption using Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model simulations. experiments suggest total ≳4,000 Tg/4 Gt generate multi‐year period sustained absorptive local‐heating upper troposphere lower stratosphere hence net after strong initial cooling. vapor increases factors 8–600. initiation these feedbacks within they could occur for individual stratovolcano scale Toba or Tambora eruptions. note sensitivity our results sulfate microphysics chemistry.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(16)
Published: Aug. 20, 2024
Abstract We use measurements of trace gases from the Microwave Limb Sounder and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization to investigate how extraordinary water vapor enhancement 2022 Hunga eruption affected processing during 2023 Antarctic winter. Although dynamical characteristics vortex itself were generally unexceptional, excess moisture initially raised PSC formation threshold temperatures above typical values. Cold conditions, especially in early July, prompted ice unusually severe irreversible dehydration at higher levels (500–700 K), while atypical hydration occurred lower (380–460 K). Heterogeneous chemical was more extensive, both vertically (up 750–800 K) temporally (earlier season), than prior winters. The resultant HCl depletion ClO redefined their previously observed ranges 600 K. Albeit unmatched satellite record, early‐winter upper‐level chlorine activation insufficient induce substantial ozone loss. Chlorine activation, denitrification, processes ran completion by July/August, gas evolution mostly following climatological mean thereafter, but deactivation starting slightly later usual. While cumulative losses 410–550 K relatively large, probably because delayed deactivation, they not unprecedented. Thus, unremarkable throughout stratosphere. enhanced winter, saturation dehydration, (as is Antarctic) prevented an exceptionally hole 2023.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(21)
Published: Nov. 4, 2024
Abstract Global average upper atmosphere temperature changes linked with the Hunga volcanic eruption (January 2022) are analyzed based on satellite measurements and compared chemistry‐climate model simulations. Results show stratospheric cooling of −0.5 to −1.0 K in middle stratosphere during 2022 through 2023, followed by stronger (−1.0 −2.0 K) mesosphere after 2023. The patterns follow upward propagating water vapor (H 2 O) anomalies from Hunga, similar behavior is found between observations While mainly due radiative enhanced H O, mesospheric result ozone losses mesosphere, which in‐turn driven HO x radicals O. Comparisons multi‐decade climate record that impacts temperatures have magnitude, but opposite sign, effects large El Chichón (1982) Pinatubo (1991) eruptions.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 21, 2024
Stratospheric transit time distributions (age-of-air spectra) are estimated using satellite water vapor (H2O) measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder over 2004-2021 assuming stationary transport. Latitude-altitude dependent spectra derived correlations of interannual H2O anomalies with respect to tropical tropopause source region, fitted an inverse Gaussian distribution function. The reconstructions accurately capture variability in ‘tropical pipe’ and global lower stratosphere, regions relatively fast transport (~1-2 years) Brewer-Dobson circulation. calculations provide novel observational estimates corresponding ‘short transit-time’ part age spectrum these regions, including mode. However, results do not constrain longer transit-time ‘tail’ spectra, mean air spectral widths systematically underestimated compared other data. We compare parallel applied WACCM chemistry-climate model CLaMS chemistry-transport model, additionally evaluate method by comparing idealized pulse tracers. Because variations originating tropopause, they can be used identify ‘other’ sources we use quantify Southern Hemisphere linked Australian New Years fires early 2020 Hunga volcanic eruption 2022.
Language: Английский
Citations
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Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Citations
0