Reconstructing Psychopathology: A data-driven reorganization of the symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

In this study, we reduced the DSM-5 to its constituent symptoms and reorganized them based on patterns of covariation in individuals’ (n = 14,762) self-reported experiences form an empirically derived hierarchical framework clinical phenomena. Specifically, used points agreement among principal components analyses clustering, as well between randomly split primary 11,762) hold-out 3,000) samples, identify robust constructs that emerged a hierarchy ranging from syndromes up very broad superspectra psychopathology. The resulting model had noteworthy convergence with upper levels Hierarchical Taxonomy Psychopathology (HiTOP) substantially expands HiTOP’s current coverage dissociative, elimination, sleep-wake, trauma-related, neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive disorder symptoms. We also mapped some exemplar disorders onto our hierarchy; formed coherent syndromes, whereas others were notably heterogeneous.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and neurocognitive factors distinguishing post-traumatic stress comorbidity in substance use disorders

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract Significant trauma histories and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in persons with substance use disorders (SUD) often associate increased SUD severity poorer response to treatment. As such, this sub-population has been associated unique risk factors treatment needs. Understanding the distinct etiological profile of co-occurring PTSD is therefore crucial for advancing our knowledge underlying mechanisms development precision treatments. To end, we employed supervised machine learning algorithms interrogate responses 160 participants on multidimensional NIDA Phenotyping Assessment Battery. symptomatology was correctly predicted 75% (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 72.22%) using a classification-based model based anxiety depressive symptoms, perseverative thinking styles, interoceptive awareness. A regression-based also utilized similar predictors, but failed accurately predict symptoms. These data indicate that even population already characterized by elevated negative affect (individuals SUD), especially severe predictive symptomatology. In follow-up analysis subset 102 who completed neurocognitive tasks, comorbidity status 86.67% 91.67%; 66.67%) symptoms fear-related attentional bias. However, did not identify bias as splitting factor, instead split categorized sample indices aggression, metacognition, distress tolerance, within individuals SUD, aberrations tolerating regulating aversive internal experiences may characterize those significant histories, akin findings without SUD. The results highlight need further research PTSD-SUD includes additional comparison groups (i.e., only PTSD), captures comorbid diagnoses influence relationship, examines types SUDs (e.g., alcohol disorder), differentiates between subtypes PTSD.

Language: Английский

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Neural correlates of the addictions neuroclinical assessment (ANA) incentive salience factor among individuals with alcohol use disorder

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 464, P. 114926 - 114926

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a recently-developed framework offering more holistic understanding of three neurofunctional and behavioral domains that reflect the neurobiological dysfunction seen in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While ANA have been well-validated across independent laboratories, there critical need to identify neural markers subserve proposed domains. current study involves secondary data analysis two-week experimental medication trial ibudilast (50 mg BID). Forty-five non-treatment-seeking participants with AUD (17F / 28 M) completed battery validated assessments forming basis their incentive salience factor score, computed via analysis, as well functional neuroimaging (fMRI) task assessing reactivity visual cues after being on placebo or for 7 days. General linear models were conducted examine relationship between cue-reactivity ventral dorsal stratum. Whole-brain generalized model analyses associations salience. Age, sex, medication, smoking status included covariates. Incentive was not associated cue-elicited activation striatum. significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) brain reward-learning affective regions including insula posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral precuneus, precentral gyri. reflected circuitry important reward learning emotion processing. Identifying sub-phenotype characterized by increased allows precision medicine approaches, i.e. treatments specifically targeting craving from use. This serves preliminary bio-behavioral validation ANA. Further studies validating correlates other factors, replication larger samples, appear warranted.

Language: Английский

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Examining the validity of the addictions neuroclinical assessment domains in a crowdsourced sample of adults with current alcohol use.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 68 - 83

Published: May 25, 2023

Several dimensional frameworks for characterizing heterogeneity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been proposed, including the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA). The ANA is a framework assessing individual variability within AUD across three domains corresponding to proposed stages of addiction cycle: reward (binge-intoxication stage), negative emotionality (withdrawal-negative affect and cognitive control (preoccupation-anticipation stage). Recent work has evaluated ANA's three-factor structure construct validity, primarily treatment-seekers with AUD. We extended this research by examining factor structure, bias severity, longitudinal invariance, concurrent predictive validity novel assessment adults past 12-month regular (10 + units/week) use. Participants recruited from Prolific (

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Effects of Classic Psychedelics in Alcohol Use Disorder

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 916 - 927

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Identifying neurofunctional domains across substance use disorders

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 536 - 546

Published: July 3, 2024

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are heterogeneous across multiple functional domains. Various frameworks posit that domains (e.g., executive function) contribute to the persistence of SUDs; however, identified in different studies vary.

Language: Английский

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Hippocrates in addiction and the need for transdiagnostic phenotypes to address evidence-based interventions

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108190 - 108190

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology and the search for neurobiological substrates of mental illness: A systematic review and roadmap for future research.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133(8), P. 697 - 715

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in psychopathology has been hindered by limitations of categorical nosologies. The Hierarchical Taxonomy Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an alternative dimensional system for characterizing psychopathology, derived from quantitative studies covariation among diagnoses and symptoms. HiTOP provides more promising targets clinical neuroscience than traditional psychiatric can facilitate cumulative integration existing research. We systematically reviewed 164 human neuroimaging with sample sizes 194 or greater that have investigated dimensions classified within HiTOP. Replicated results were identified constructs at five different levels hierarchy, including overarching p-factor, externalizing superspectrum, thought disorder internalizing spectra, distress subfactor, depression symptom dimension. Our review highlights potential research usefulness while also suggesting work this relatively young field. discuss how be integrated synergistically neuroscience-oriented, transdiagnostic frameworks developed National Institutes Health, Research Domain Criteria, Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment, Institute on Drug Abuse's Phenotyping Assessment Battery, researchers use to accelerate humans other species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Third-Wave Treatments for Impulsivity in Addictive Disorders: a Narrative Review of the Active Ingredients and Overall Efficacy

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 131 - 139

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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