Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions DOI Creative Commons
George M. Slavich, Lydia G. Roos, Summer Mengelkoch

et al.

Health Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 5 - 59

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus led to numerous conceptual, measurement, reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims address these issues by using the primary goal regulatory logic brain immune system as basis for specifying social-environmental situations which systems should respond most strongly maximize reproductive success survival. This analysis gave rise integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, transforms thinking about biology provides a biologically based, evolutionary account why experiences social safety threat related health, well-being, aging, longevity. In doing so, theory advances testable framework investigating biopsychosocial roots disparities well health-relevant crystalize over time perceptions environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, self-harm health. The also highlights several interventions reducing promoting resilience.

Language: Английский

Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science DOI Creative Commons
Emily A. Holmes, Rory C. O’Connor, V. Hugh Perry

et al.

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 547 - 560

Published: April 15, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

5665
The trajectory of loneliness in response to COVID-19. DOI Creative Commons
Martina Luchetti, Ji Hyun Lee, Damaris Aschwanden

et al.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(7), P. 897 - 908

Published: June 22, 2020

Social distancing and "stay-at-home" orders are essential to contain the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), but there is concern that these measures will increase feelings of loneliness, particularly in vulnerable groups. The present study examined change loneliness response social restriction taken control spread. A nationwide sample American adults (N = 1,545; 45% women; ages 18 98, M 53.68, SD 15.63) was assessed on three occasions: late January/early February 2020 (before outbreak), March (during President's initial "15 Days Slow Spread" campaign), April policies most states). Contrary expectations, were no significant mean-level changes across assessments (d .04, p > .05). In fact, respondents perceived increased support from others over follow-up period .19, < .01). Older reported less overall compared younger age groups had an during acute phase .14, Their however, leveled off after issuance stay-at-home orders. Individuals living alone those with at least one chronic condition feeling lonelier baseline did not implementation measures. Despite some detrimental impact individuals, sample, large remarkable resilience COVID-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

Citations

876
Why Social Relationships Are Important for Physical Health: A Systems Approach to Understanding and Modifying Risk and Protection DOI
Julianne Holt‐Lunstad

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 437 - 458

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Social relationships are adaptive and crucial for survival. This review presents existing evidence indicating that our social connections to others have powerful influences on health longevity lacking connection qualifies as a risk factor premature mortality. A systems perspective is presented framework by which move into the realm of public health. Individuals, health-relevant biological processes, exist within larger contexts including family, neighborhood community, society culture. Applying ecological model, this highlights interrelationships individuals groups in terms understanding both causal mechanisms physical ways influence can inform potential intervention strategies. approach also helps identify gaps current may guide future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

634
The Potential Public Health Relevance of Social Isolation and Loneliness: Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Risk Factors DOI Open Access
Julianne Holt‐Lunstad

Public Policy & Aging Report, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 127 - 130

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

453
Understanding loneliness in the twenty-first century: an update on correlates, risk factors, and potential solutions DOI
Michelle H. Lim, Robert Eres, Shradha Vasan

et al.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 55(7), P. 793 - 810

Published: June 10, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

320
Loneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL) DOI
John T. Cacioppo, Stephanie Cacioppo

Advances in experimental social psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 127 - 197

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

315
Social Safety Theory: A Biologically Based Evolutionary Perspective on Life Stress, Health, and Behavior DOI Open Access
George M. Slavich

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 265 - 295

Published: March 6, 2020

Social Safety Theory hypothesizes that developing and maintaining friendly social bonds is a fundamental organizing principle of human behavior threats to safety are critical feature psychological stressors increase risk for disease. Central this formulation the fact brain immune system principally designed keep body biologically safe, which they do by continually monitoring responding social, physical, microbial in environment. Because situations involving conflict, isolation, devaluation, rejection, exclusion historically increased physical injury infection, anticipatory neural–immune reactivity threat was likely highly conserved. This neurocognitive immunologic ability humans symbolically represent respond potentially dangerous ultimately survival. When sustained, however, multilevel biological response can individuals’ viral infections several inflammation-related disease conditions dominate present-day morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

Citations

309
Combatting Social Isolation Among Older Adults in a Time of Physical Distancing: The COVID-19 Social Connectivity Paradox DOI Creative Commons
Matthew Lee Smith, Lesley Steinman,

E. A. Casey

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: July 21, 2020

Social isolation is an important public health issue that has gained recognition during the COVID-19 pandemic because of risks posed to older adults based on physical distancing. The primary purposes this article are provide overview complex interconnectedness between social isolation, loneliness, and depression while introducing Connectivity Paradox, a new concept used describe conflicting risk/harm continuum resulting from recommended In context, examples will be provided for practical feasible community-based models improve connectivity by adjusting processes modalities deliver programs services through aging network. highlighted need clinical organizations unite form inter-sectorial partnerships maintain provision engaging supporting difficult time distancing shelter-in-place stay-at-home orders. network provides vital infrastructure reaching underserved and/or marginalized persons across U.S. reduce isolation. Capitalizing existing practices in field, can achieve distanced mitigate risk remaining at safe distances others.

Language: Английский

Citations

245
Social support, social integration, and inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis. DOI

Bert N. Uchino,

Ryan Trettevik,

Robert G. Kent de Grey

et al.

Health Psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 462 - 471

Published: March 22, 2018

Social support and social integration have been linked to lower rates of morbidity mortality. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for such links need greater attention advance theory unique intervention opportunities. The main aim this article was conduct a meta-analytic review association between support-social inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6, C-reactive protein) test several proposed moderators from prior qualitative reviews.A literature search conducted using ancestry approach with databases PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE by crossing exact keywords or inflammation. identified 41 studies total 73,037 participants.The omnibus meta-analysis showed that were significantly related levels inflammation (Zr = -.073). These results not moderated operationalization relationships type population, cytokine, design.These data suggest is at least one important mechanism linking development course disease. Future work should continue build on address next-generation questions regarding antecedent processes, mechanisms, other potential moderators. (PsycINFO Database Record

Language: Английский

Citations

237
Social Connection as a Public Health Issue: The Evidence and a Systemic Framework for Prioritizing the “Social” in Social Determinants of Health DOI Creative Commons
Julianne Holt‐Lunstad

Annual Review of Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 193 - 213

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

There is growing interest in and renewed support for prioritizing social factors public health both the USA globally. While there are multiple widely recognized determinants of health, indicators connectedness (e.g., capital, support, isolation, loneliness) often noticeably absent from discourse. This article provides an organizing framework conceptualizing connection summarizes cumulative evidence supporting its relevance including epidemiological associations, pathways, biological mechanisms. points to several implications within solutions across sectors, where work, initiatives, research play a key role addressing gaps. Therefore, this review proposes systemic cross-sector action identify missed opportunities guide future investigation, intervention, practice, policy on promoting all.

Language: Английский

Citations

234