FACTORS INFLUENCING POLYDRUG USE AMONG METHADONE-ASSISTED THERAPY PATIENTS IN SELECTED CLINICS IN NAIROBI, KENYA DOI Creative Commons

Rose N Kiiru,

Charity W Waithima,

Peterson K Mwangi

et al.

Journal of Science Innovation and Creativity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 10 - 31

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Polydrug use is caused by multiple factors within the polydrug users’ ecological system resulting in dependency, a complex behavioural disease with chronic features. This paper, guided social learning theory, seeks to examine some of causal that lead patients undergoing therapy Methadone assisted Therapy [MAT] clinics Nairobi County use. The study uses mixed methods approach utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection quasi-experiment. experiment entailed pre post-strategy for experimental group at site A control B, where groups underwent baseline end-line assessment MAT treatment. population consisted 2121 drawing sample size 120 respondents through random sampling. was done using same tools after three months during follow-up. Data analysis descriptively inferential statistics correlate various factors. findings are presented tables indicate biological factors, history patients’ families, spiritual existential missing dosage were statistically significant

Language: Английский

Exploring survey methods for measuring consumption quantities of cannabis flower and concentrate products DOI
Jacob T. Borodovsky, Cara A. Struble, Mohammad I. Habib

et al.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 733 - 745

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Researchers need accurate measurements of cannabis consumption quantities to assess risks and benefits. Survey methods for measuring flower concentrate remain underdeveloped.Objective: We examined "grams" "hits" units quantities, calculating milligrams THC (mgTHC).Methods: Online survey participants (n = 2,381) reported preferred unit (hits or grams), past-week hits grams each product, product %THC. Quantile regression compared mgTHC between unit-preference subgroups. Hits-based calculations assumed a universal grams-per-hit ratio (GPHR). To examine individualized GPHRs, we tested "two-item approach," which divided total by hits, "one-item 0.5 responses the question: "How many would it take you finish 1/2 g your [product] [administration method]?"Results: Participants were primarily daily consumers (77%), 50% female sex, mean age 39.0 (SD 16.4), 85% White, 49% employed full-time. Compared those who unit, consuming more grams, higher %THC products, consequently, larger median (flower-hits mgTHC: 32 vs. 91 (95%CI: 52–67); flower-grams 27 113 73–95); concentrate-hits 29 59 15–43); concentrate-grams 61 129 43–94)). "Two-item" "one-item" approach GPHRs similar frequently smaller than GPHR.Conclusion: Allowing respondents choose when reporting does not compromise estimates. A low-burden, one-item yields "hit sizes" that may improve estimates.KEYWORDS: CannabismeasurementquantitysurveyTHC AcknowledgmentsWe like thank David Hammond, Ryan Vandrey, Tory Spindle, Marcel Bonn-Miller, Carrie Cuttler, LaTrice Montgomery, Adam Leventhal, this study.Disclosure statementDrs. Alan Budney Jacob Borodovsky report funding from NIDA as potential conflict interest. Dr. is member Scientific Review Board Canopy Growth consultant Jazz Pharmaceuticals. All other authors manuscript have no conflicts interest report.Additional informationFundingNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [R01-DA050032], [T32-DA037202], [P30-DA037202], [R21-DA057535]. The sources involved in study design; collection, analysis, interpretation data; writing report; decision submit article publication.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Cannabis Use Disorder: A Behavioral Economic Perspective DOI
Elizabeth R. Aston, Benjamin L. Berey

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Concurrent validity of the marijuana purchase task: a meta‐analysis of trait‐level cannabis demand and cannabis involvement DOI Creative Commons
Alba González‐Roz, Víctor Martínez‐Loredo, Elizabeth R. Aston

et al.

Addiction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 118(4), P. 620 - 633

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Abstract Background and aims The Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT) is increasingly used to measure cannabis reinforcing value has potential use for etiological regulatory research. This meta‐analysis sought evaluate the first time MPT's concurrent validity in relation involvement. Methods Electronic databases pre‐print repositories were searched MPT studies that examined cross‐sectional relationship between frequency quantity of use, problems, dependence, five indicators: intensity (i.e. unrestricted consumption), O max maximum P price at which demand becomes elastic), breakpoint consumption ceases), elasticity sensitivity rising costs). Random effects meta‐analyses effect sizes conducted, with Q tests examining differences by variables, meta‐regression test quantitative moderators, publication bias assessment. Moderators included sex, number prices, variable transformations, year publication. Populations community clinical samples. Results searches yielded 14 ( n = 4077, median % females: 44.8%: weighted average age 29.08 [SD 6.82]), published 2015 2022. Intensity, , showed most robust (| r 's| 0.147–325, p s < 0.014) largest significant | 0.325) dependence 0.320, 0.305, 0.303). Higher proportion males was associated increased estimates elasticity‐quantity ‐problems. prices significantly altered magnitude suggesting biased estimations if excessively low are considered. Methodological quality generally good, minimal evidence observed. Conclusions marijuana purchase task presents adequate demand, robustly intensity, elasticity. Moderating sex suggest potentially meaningful cannabis.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
The effect of next day responsibilities and an adaptive purchase task on cannabis demand DOI
Erin Ferguson, Nicholas J. Bush,

Ali M. Yurasek

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 108919 - 108919

Published: July 28, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Substance-related cross-commodity purchase tasks: A systematic review. DOI Creative Commons
Sarah C. Weinsztok, Derek D. Reed, Michael Amlung

et al.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 72 - 86

Published: July 5, 2022

In the context of behavioral economics, drug use is a choice to which an individual may allocate responding despite presence alternative response possibilities. To examine demand for in environment other drugs or nondrug alternatives are present, researchers often cross-commodity purchase task. These tasks allow participants make choices across several reinforcers at varied unit prices and elucidate economic patterns substitutability complementarity. The objective this study was conduct systematic review task studies with human participants.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Simultaneous Cannabis and Alcohol Use among Medical Cannabis Patients DOI
Alexandra F. Kritikos, Julie K. Johnson, Dominic Hodgkin

et al.

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 847 - 857

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Background: During the past two decades of cannabis legalization, prevalence medical (MC) use has increased and there also been an upward trend in alcohol consumption. As less restricted laws generate more adult users, is concern that individuals may be simultaneously using with alcohol. A few studies have examined simultaneous alcohol, but none those assessed patients' current or previous non-medical use. This paper explores among patients a specific focus on history Methods: retrospective cohort study MC (N = 319) from four dispensaries located New York. Bivariate chi-square tests multivariable logistic regression are used to estimate extent which sociodemographic other factors were associated Results: Approximately 29% sample engaged large share these users report (44%) (66%) for purposes. who either previously currently non-medicinally, men, treat pain-related condition, significantly likely alcohol/MC Conclusions: Findings indicate differential risks related use, should considered by regulatory policies prevention/treatment programs. If and/or manage pain, clinicians screen both risk factors.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Behavioral Economic Strategies to Improve Enrollment Rates in Clinical Research: Embedded Recruitment Pilot Trial DOI Creative Commons
Brittney Greene, Leah Bernardo, Morgan Thompson

et al.

JMIR Formative Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7, P. e47121 - e47121

Published: June 19, 2023

Nearly 1 in 3 clinical trials end prematurely due to underenrollment. Strategies enhance recruitment are often implemented without scientific rigor evaluate efficacy. Evidence-based, cost-effective behavioral economic strategies designed influence decision-making may be useful promote trial enrollment.This study evaluated 2 improve enrollment and retention rates across 4 trials: information provision (IP) contingency management (CM; ie, lottery). IP targets descriptive injunctive norms about participating research CM provides participants incentives reinforce a target behavior.A sample of 212 was enrolled focused on tobacco use: HIV neuroimaging. The condition included lottery: for each visit completed, received 5 "draws" from bowl containing 500 "chips" valued at US $0, $1, $5, or $100. In the condition, text messages that targeted (eg, "Many find it rewarding way advance science part community") were sent through Way Health platform before all visits. Participants randomized conditions: IP, CM, IP+CM, standard (SR). We performed logistic regression, controlling sex study, with as between-subject predictor. Outcomes percentage who attended final eligibility (primary), met intent-to-treat (ITT) criteria (secondary), completed (secondary). Recruitment by visit, ITT status, study.Rates attending meeting status 58.9% (33/56) 33.9% (19/56) IP+CM; 45.5% (25/55) 18.2% (10/55) only; 41.5% (22/53) 18.9% (10/53) 37.5% (18/48) 12.5% (6/48) SR, respectively. females more likely meet than males (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.7; P=.01). IP+CM group twice attend SR (OR 2.4, 1.1-5.2; P=.04). also significantly reach 3.9, 1.3-11.1; Those any active intervention (IP, IP+CM) had higher completion rate (33/53, 63.5%) compared those (5/12, 41.7%), but this difference not significant (P=.26).Combining motivate participate rates. Evidence preliminary support utility economics reduce attrition trials.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A hypothetical lottery task to assess relative resource allocation toward alcohol and cannabis. DOI Creative Commons
Nioud Mulugeta Gebru, Danielle N. Jones, James G. Murphy

et al.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 144 - 155

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Relative spending on substances (vs. alternatives) is predictive of several substance use outcomes, but it can be challenging to assess. We examined a novel method assessing relative resource allocation through the hypothetical lottery task wherein participants assume they collected $100,000 United States dollars in winnings and were tasked with allocating their across categories (e.g., savings, leisure, alcohol, cannabis). hypothesized funds toward alcohol cannabis would positively associated more problems each substance.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Prospective associations of behavioral economic demand for cannabis and alcohol with simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use among young adults. DOI
Sophie G. Coelho, Christian S. Hendershot, Jeffrey D. Wardell

et al.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 529 - 541

Published: June 20, 2024

Behavioural economic demand for cannabis and alcohol is robustly associated with use use, respectively.However, few studies have examined the contributions of to simultaneous which common among young adults.We prospective associations propensity (broadly defined as using both in same day) consumption during days adults.Young adults reporting (N=107) completed a Marijuana Purchase Task assessing an Alcohol demand.They then daily smartphone surveys over 21 use.Multilevel models revealed that higher (i.e., Omax, Pmax, intensity; lower elasticity) was uniquely greater relative nonuse.In addition, (lower cannabis-only (higher breakpoint alcohol-only use.Further, limited days, were overall flower consumption, consumption.Results suggest individual differences may contribute behaviours substance-specific pattern.Further, more strongly drive tendency engage (versus non-use) demand.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Utility of a Brief Measure of Cannabis Demand: Day-Level Associations with Cannabis Use DOI
Elizabeth R. Aston, Jennifer E. Merrill,

Holly K. Boyle

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 262, P. 111396 - 111396

Published: July 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0