Individual differences in probabilistic learning and updating predictive representations in individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies involve intrusive thoughts and rigid, repetitive behaviours that also manifest at the subclinical level in general population. The neurocognitive factors driving development persistence of excessive presence these remain highly elusive, though emerging theories emphasize role implicit information processing. Despite various empirical studies on distinct processes, incidental retrieval environmental structures dynamic noisy environments, such as probabilistic learning, has received relatively little attention. Methods In this study, we aimed to unravel potential individual differences learning updating predictive representations related OC a non-clinical We conducted two independent online experiments (N Study1 = 164, N Study2 256) with university students. Probabilistic was assessed using an visuomotor task, involving sequences second-order non-adjacent dependencies. Results Our findings revealed remained remarkably robust among within Furthermore, results highlighted effective capabilities representations, which were not influenced by tendencies. Conclusions These offer new insights into relation tendencies, contributing theoretical, methodological, practical approaches for understanding maladaptive behavioural manifestations disorder

Language: Английский

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Doubting what you already know: Uncertainty regarding state transitions is associated with obsessive compulsive symptoms

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. e1007634 - e1007634

Published: Feb. 27, 2020

Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms involve excessive information gathering (e.g., checking, reassurance-seeking), and uncertainty about possible, often catastrophic, future events. Here we propose that these phenomena are the result of regarding state transitions (transition uncertainty): a computational impairment in Bayesian inference leading to reduced ability use past predict present future, oversensitivity feedback (i.e. prediction errors). Using model learning under reversal task, investigate relationship between OC transition uncertainty. Individuals high low performed task which they had detect shifts transitions) cue-outcome contingencies. Modeling subjects' choices was used estimate each individual participant's associated responses feedback. We examined both an optimal observer approximate participants were assumed attend (and learn about) only one several cues on trial. Results suggested more likely distribute attention across cues, accordance with model. As hypothesized, higher exhibited increased uncertainty, as well pattern behavior potentially indicative difficulty relying learned contingencies, no evidence for perseverative behavior. Increased compromised individuals' ensuing feedback, rendering them surprised by expected outcomes. However, belief updating found. These results highlight potential basis obsessive disorder (OCD). The fact predicted decreased reliance rather than perseveration challenges preconceptions OCD inflexibility. Our have implications understanding neurocognitive processes distrust experiences OCD.

Language: Английский

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Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(12), P. 1591 - 1601

Published: May 10, 2022

Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such as confidence) when making decisions. These features are proposed underlie patients' compulsions despite knowledge they irrational. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this extends adolescents OCD population lacking. Thus, study aimed investigate interplay between confidence OCD.Twenty-seven 46 controls completed a predictive-inference task, designed probe how subjects' actions ratings fluctuate unexpected outcomes. We investigated subjects update prediction errors (indexing mismatches expectations outcomes) used parameters from Bayesian model predict evolve over time. Confidence-action association strength was assessed using regression model. also effects of serotonergic medication.Adolescents showed significantly increased learning rates, particularly following small errors. Results were driven primarily by unmedicated patients. Confidence appeared equivalent groups, although model-based analysis revealed less affected compared controls. Patients did not differ extent which updated tandem.Adolescents enhanced adjustments, especially face errors, consistent previous establishing 'just-right' compulsions, error-related negativity, greater decision uncertainty paediatric-OCD. tendencies ameliorated patients receiving medication, emphasising importance early intervention preventing disorder-related cognitive deficits. young controls, mirroring findings adult research.

Language: Английский

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Computational perspectives on human fear and anxiety

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 104959 - 104959

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

Fear and anxiety are adaptive emotions that serve important defensive functions, yet in excess, they can be debilitating lead to poor mental health. Computational modelling of behaviour provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the cognitive neurobiological bases fear anxiety, has seen increasing interest field. In this brief review, we discuss recent developments computational human anxiety. Firstly, describe various reinforcement learning strategies humans employ when predict or avoid threat, how these relate symptoms Secondly, initial efforts explore, through lens, approach-avoidance conflict paradigms popular animal research measure fear- anxiety-relevant behaviours. Finally, negative biases decision-making face uncertainty

Language: Английский

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Functional connectivity abnormalities of brain networks in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 900 - 930

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Abstract Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive abnormalities encompassing several executive processes. Neuroimaging studies highlight functional of fronto-parietal network (FPN) and default-mode (DMN) in OCD patients, as well the prefrontal cortex (PFC) more specifically. We aim at assessing presence connectivity (FC) intrinsic brain networks PFC OCD, possibly underlying specific computational impairments clinical manifestations. A systematic review resting-state fMRI investigating FC was conducted unmedicated patients querying three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo) up to July 2022 (search terms: “obsessive–compulsive disorder” AND “resting state” “fMRI” “function* *connect*” “task-positive” OR “executive” “central executive” “executive control” “executive-control” “cognitive “attenti*” “dorsal attention” “ventral “frontoparietal” “fronto-parietal” “default mode” “network*” “system*”). Collectively, 20 were included. predominantly reduced DMN – often related increased symptom severity emerged. Additionally, intra-network FPN positively scores. Concerning PFC, a predominant hyper-connectivity right-sided links Finally, lateral areas correlated with dimensions. Several sources heterogeneity methodology might have affected results unpredictable ways discussed. Such findings represent endophenotypes manifestations, reflecting difficulties engaging self-referential processes or disengaging from control monitoring

Language: Английский

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