Mitochondrial Dynamics in Regulating the Unique Phenotypes of Cancer and Stem Cells

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 39 - 48

Published: June 22, 2017

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1309 - 1309

Published: Dec. 21, 2020

Recently, increasing public concern about hygiene has been driving many studies to investigate antimicrobial and antiviral agents. However, the use of any agents must be limited due their possible toxic or harmful effects. In recent years, previous antibiotics' lesser side effects, herbal materials instead synthetic chemical drugs is increasing. Herbal are found in medicines. Herbs can used form plant extracts as active components. Furthermore, most world's populations strong properties primary healthcare benefits. For example, herbs an excellent material replace nanosilver antibiotic agent. The involves ROS-mediated mechanism that might lead oxidative stress-related cancer, cytotoxicity, heart diseases. Oxidative stress further leads increased ROS production also delays cellular processes involved wound healing. Therefore, existing replaced with biomaterials such medicine high antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant activity. This review paper highlights antibacterial, radical scavenger (antioxidant) materials. Antimicrobial activity, ability, potential for anticancer agents, efficacy eliminating bacteria viruses scavenging free radicals discussed this review. presented include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, pennyroyal, mint, fennel, chamomile, burdock, eucalyptus, primrose, lemon balm, mallow, garlic, which all summarized.

Language: Английский

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NAD+ metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

NAD+ was discovered during yeast fermentation, and since its discovery, important roles in redox metabolism, aging, longevity, the immune system DNA repair have been highlighted. A deregulation of levels has associated with metabolic diseases aging-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, defective responses, cancer. acts as a cofactor through interplay NADH, playing an essential role many enzymatic reactions energy such glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle. also plays deacetylation by sirtuins ADP ribosylation damage/repair PARP proteins. Finally, different NAD hydrolase proteins consume while converting it into ADP-ribose or cyclic counterpart. Some these proteins, CD38, seem to be extensively involved response. Since cannot taken directly from food, metabolism is essential, NAMPT key enzyme recovering nicotinamide generating most cellular pools. Because complex network pathways which enzyme, NAMPT, cancer understandable. In present work, we review ways that they may influence system, stemness, some ongoing research on therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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The role of mitochondrial ROS in the aging brain

FEBS Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 592(5), P. 743 - 758

Published: Nov. 6, 2017

The brain is the most complex human organ, consuming more energy than any other tissue in proportion to its size. It relies heavily on mitochondria produce and made up of mitotic postmitotic cells that need closely coordinate their metabolism maintain essential bodily functions. During aging, damaged less ATP reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate. current consensus ROS cause oxidative stress, damaging resulting an energetic crisis triggers neurodegenerative diseases accelerates aging. However, model organisms, increasing mitochondrial (mtROS) extends lifespan, suggesting may participate signaling protects brain. Here, we summarize mechanisms by which mtROS are produced at molecular level, how different regions amounts mtROS, levels change during Finally, critically discuss possible roles aging as molecules agents, addressing whether age-associated increases a or consequence

Language: Английский

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Ferroptotic damage promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis through a TMEM173/STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Ferroptosis is a more recently recognized form of cell death that relies on iron-mediated oxidative damage. Here, we evaluate the impact high-iron diets or depletion Gpx4, an antioxidant enzyme reported as important ferroptosis suppressor, in pancreas mice with cerulean- L-arginine-induced pancreatitis, and oncogenic Kras murine model spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We find either Gpx4 promotes 8-OHG release thus activates TMEM173/STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway, which results macrophage infiltration activation during Kras-driven PDAC mice. Consequently, administration liproxstatin-1 (a inhibitor), clophosome-mediated depletion, pharmacological genetic inhibition 8-OHG-TMEM173 pathway suppresses tumorigenesis GPX4 also prognostic marker patients PDAC. These findings provide pathological mechanistic insights into ferroptotic damage

Language: Английский

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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 240 - 240

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

Arsenic poisoning is a global health problem. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with the development of wide range diseases and problems in humans. induces generation intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate multiple changes cell behavior by altering signaling pathways epigenetic modifications, or cause direct oxidative damage molecules. Antioxidants potential reduce ROS levels have shown ameliorate arsenic-induced lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that constructive activation antioxidative decreased contribute chronic toxicity some cases. This review details involved redox imbalance, as well current studies on prophylaxis treatment strategies using antioxidants.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress in cancer and fibrosis: Opportunity for therapeutic intervention with antioxidant compounds, enzymes, and nanoparticles

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 240 - 253

Published: Dec. 16, 2016

Oxidative stress, mainly contributed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases. We review two primary examples; fibrosis and cancer. In fibrosis, ROS promote activation proliferation fibroblasts myofibroblasts, activating TGF-β pathway an autocrine manner. cancer, account for its genomic instability, resistance to apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis. Importantly, trigger cancer cell invasion through invadopodia formation as well extravasation into a distant metastasis site. Use antioxidant supplements, enzymes, inhibitors ROS-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX) is logical therapeutic intervention such attempts, progress, challenges. Lastly, we how nanoparticles with inherent activity can also be promising option, considering their additional feature delivery platform drugs, genes, imaging agents.

Language: Английский

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Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 27, 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ” composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic nervous systems, stroma, immune cells extracellular matrix (ECM). These components, utilizing both benign malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive nutrient-deficient environment necessary for cell growth, proliferation phenotypic flexibility variation. An important aspect TME cellular crosstalk cell-to-ECM communication. This interaction induces release soluble factors responsible evasion ECM remodeling, which further contribute to therapy resistance. Other aspects are presence exosomes contributed by circulating deregulated microRNAs TME-specific metabolic patterns potentiate progression and/or resistance therapy. In addition biochemical signaling, specific characteristics such as hypoxic environment, derangements, abnormal mechanical forces have been implicated in development treatment this review, we will provide an overview microenvironmental composition, structure, features that influence suppression

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial VDAC1: A Key Gatekeeper as Potential Therapeutic Target

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 30, 2017

Mitochondria are the key source of ATP that fuels cellular functions, and they also central in signaling, cell division apoptosis. Dysfunction mitochondria has been implicated a wide range diseases, including neurodegenerative cardiac various types cancer. One proteins regulate mitochondrial function is voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), most abundant protein on outer membrane mitochondria. VDAC1 gatekeeper for passages metabolites, nucleotides, ions; it plays crucial role regulating apoptosis due to its interaction with apoptotic anti-apoptotic proteins, namely members Bcl-2 family hexokinase. Therefore, regulation not only metabolic functions mitochondria, but survival. In fact, multiple lines evidence have confirmed involvement several diseases. Consequently, modulation or dysregulation can potentially attenuate exacerbate pathophysiological conditions. Understanding health disease could lead selective protection cells different tissues diverse The purpose this review discuss pathogenesis diseases as effective target therapeutic management pathologies.

Language: Английский

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European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 94 - 162

Published: May 18, 2017

The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated providing new insights tools for better understanding redox biology medicine and, the long run, finding therapeutic strategies target dysregulated processes various diseases. This report highlights major achievements EU-ROS as well updates perspectives arising its members. comprised more than 140 active members worked together four years on topics briefly described below. formation reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) is established hallmark our aerobic environment metabolism but RONS also act messengers via regulation essential cellular processes. fact that many diseases have been found be associated with oxidative stress theory trigger can corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical still generate controversial results, due complex pathophysiology humans. For future improvement therapy redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge sources targets discrimination their detrimental or beneficial roles required. In order advance important area medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining variety diverse contrasting needed.

Language: Английский

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