A review of the combined effects of climate change and other local human stressors on the marine environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 755, P. 142564 - 142564

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Climate change (CC) is a key, global driver of marine ecosystems. At local and regional scales, other human stressors (LS) can interact with CC modify its effects on Understanding the response environment to combined LS crucial inform ecosystem-based management planning, yet our knowledge potential such interactions fragmented. scale, we explored how cumulative effect assessments (CEAs) have addressed in realm discuss progress shortcomings current approaches. For this conducted systematic review CEAs investigated at different levels biological organization ecological responses, functional aspects, HS. Globally, 52 27 CC-related been studied combination, as industrial fisheries temperature, or sea level rise artisanal fisheries, litter, sediment load introduced alien species. generally intensified species level. trophic groups ecosystem levels, either mitigated HS depending environmental conditions involved, thus suggesting that are context-dependent vary among within Our results highlight large-scale spatial interaction remain limited. More importantly, strengthen urgent need capture local-scale exacerbate climate-induced changes. Ultimately, will allow identifying measures aid counteracting relevant scales.

Language: Английский

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Severe Continental-Scale Impacts of Climate Change Are Happening Now: Extreme Climate Events Impact Marine Habitat Forming Communities Along 45% of Australia’s Coast

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: July 24, 2019

Recent increases in the frequency of Extreme Climate Events (ECEs) such as heatwaves and floods have been attributed to climate change, could pronounced ecosystem evolutionary impacts because they provide little opportunity for organisms acclimate or adapt. Here we synthesize information on a series ECEs Australia from 2011-2017 that led well-documented, abrupt extensive mortality key marine habitat-forming – corals, kelps, seagrasses mangroves along nearly more than 45% continental coastline Australia. Coral bleaching occurred across much northern due affecting different regions 2011, 2013, 2016 2017, while seagrass was impacted by anomalously high rainfall events 2011 both east west tropical coasts. A heatwave off western during La Niña extended into temperate subtropical regions, causing widespread kelp forests communities at their distribution limits. Mangrove experienced El Niño coastal areas north-western severe water stress driven drought low mean sea levels. This reflects variety heatwaves, intense storms, drought. Their repeated occurrence wide extent are consistent with projections increased intensity ECEs, broad implications elsewhere similar trends predicted globally. The unprecedented nature these ECE has likely produced substantial ecosystem-wide repercussions. Predictions models suggest taxa will long-term some cases irreversible consequences, especially if continue become frequent severe. ecological changes caused greater slower warming leads gradual reorganisation possible evolution adaptation. an emerging threat ecosystems, require better seasonal prediction mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Hidden heatwaves and severe coral bleaching linked to mesoscale eddies and thermocline dynamics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract The severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) that are increasingly impacting ocean ecosystems, including vulnerable coral reefs, has primarily been assessed using remotely sensed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), without information relevant to heating across ecosystem depths. Here, a rare combination SST, high-resolution in-situ temperatures, and sea level anomalies observed over 15 years near Moorea, French Polynesia, we document subsurface MHWs have paradoxical in comparison SST metrics associated with unexpected bleaching Variations the depth range was driven by mesoscale (10s 100s km) eddies altered levels thermocline depths decreased (2007, 2017 2019) or increased (2012, 2015, 2016) internal-wave cooling. Pronounced eddy-induced reductions internal waves during early 2019 contributed prolonged MHW unexpectedly severe bleaching, subsequent mortality offsetting almost decade recovery. Variability eddy fields, thus depths, is expected increase climate change, which, along strengthening deepening stratification, could occurrence ecosystems historically insulated from surface cooling effects waves.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification refugia in variable environments

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 3201 - 3214

Published: June 14, 2019

Abstract Climate change refugia in the terrestrial biosphere are areas where species protected from global environmental and arise natural heterogeneity landscapes climate. Within marine realm, ocean acidification, or decline seawater pH, remains a pervasive threat to organisms ecosystems. Natural variability carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) chemistry, however, presents an opportunity identify acidification (OAR) for species. Here, we review literature examine impacts of variable CO chemistry on biological responses develop framework definitions criteria that connects current OAR research management goals. Under concept managing vulnerability, most likely mechanisms by which can mitigate reducing exposure harmful conditions enhancing adaptive capacity. While local options, such as OAR, show some promise, they present unique challenges, anthropogenic emissions must remain priority.

Language: Английский

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Global Observational Needs and Resources for Marine Biodiversity

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: July 23, 2019

Living resources in the sea are essential to economic, nutritional, recreational, and health needs of billions people. Variation biodiversity that characterizes marine systems, which underlies numerous ecosystem services provided humans, is being rapidly altered by changing environmental factors human activity. Understanding underlying causes these patterns, forecasting where future changes likely occur, requires monitoring patterns organism abundance, diversity, distribution health; productivity function; allelic diversity genetic expression. To achieve this goal it necessary observations accompanied metrics socio-economic drivers. However, existing global ocean observing activities often do not explicitly consider associated processes. Implementing operational programs observe life increasingly critical understanding responses species ecosystems stressors, overall impacts on natural capital, services, welfare. Here we describe efforts community advance broad partnerships, shared approaches best practices toward a standardized yet flexible, integrated system serves information resource managers decision-makers, scientists educators, from local scales.

Language: Английский

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OceanGliders: A Component of the Integrated GOOS

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 2, 2019

The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. contributes the international efforts Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Health, Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists engineers operating gliders around world: (1) observe long-term physical, biogeochemical, biological ocean processes phenomena that are relevant societal applications; and, (2) contribute GOOS through real-time delayed mode data dissemination. is distributed across national regional observing systems significantly integrated, multi-scale multi-platform sampling strategies. shares best practices, requirements, scientific knowledge needed operations, collection analysis. also monitors activity supports dissemination databases, modes, facilitating access wider community. currently national, initiatives maintain expand capabilities application meet key challenges such as improved measurement boundary currents, water transformation storm forecast.

Language: Английский

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Ecological change in dynamic environments: Accounting for temporal environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 54 - 67

Published: Nov. 19, 2019

Abstract The environmental conditions in the ocean have long been considered relatively more stable through time compared to on land. Advances sensing technologies, however, are increasingly revealing substantial fluctuations abiotic factors over ecologically and evolutionarily relevant timescales ocean, leading a growing recognition of dynamism marine environment as well new questions about how this may influence species' vulnerability global change. In some instances, diurnal or seasonal variability major change drivers, such temperature, pH seawater carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen, can exceed changes expected with continued anthropogenic While biologists begun experimentally test mediates responses mean, extensive literature adaptations temporal their implications for evolutionary has not integrated into field. Here, we review physiological mechanisms underlying p CO 2 /pH (and other parameters), discuss what is known behavioral, plastic, strategies dealing variable environments. addition, exposure mean highlight key research needs biology.

Language: Английский

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Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4

Journal of Operational Oceanography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(sup1), P. S1 - S172

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

The Ocean State Report is an annual publication of the Copernicus Marine Service that provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art report on current state, natural variations, ongoing changes in global ocean European regional seas.It meant to act as reference Union for scientific community, international national bodies, general public.Using satellite data, models reanalyses, situ measurements, 4-dimensional view (latitude, longitude, depth, time) blue (e.g.hydrography currents), white (e.g.sea ice) green (e.g.biogeochemical) ocean.It draws expert analysis written by over 100 experts from more than 30 institutions.Scientific integrity assured through process independent peer review collaboration with Journal Operational Oceanography.This document summary fourth issue highlights Monitoring Indicator (OMI) framework.It approaches topic several angles, presenting state key variables, examining line climate change, analysing variability extreme events, discussing services humanity.Finally, new tools success stories illustrate how accurate, timely information understanding adapting evolving seas.Society, sustainable economy, environment -the three pillars development-rely ocean.This section explores importance framework UN Sustainable Development Goals, supported data information.Page 3. Key indicators are used track vital health signs ocean. This presents fromCopernicus monitor understand already motion notable last quarter century.Page 4.The undergoing sweeping, severe, unavoidable changes, major impacts marine ecosystems humanity.The IPCC Special Cryosphere, both show becoming warmer acidic, sea level rising, ice retreating.This most change ocean.Page 6.Humans depend heavily upon goods, cultural provided ecosystems.This overview specific examples ecosystem details variables underlie these services.Page 12.The stateof-the-art analyses forecasts, offering valuable capability observe, understand, anticipate events environment.This advancements service, successful applying practice.Page 16.

Language: Английский

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Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3

Journal of Operational Oceanography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(sup1), P. S1 - S123

Published: June 30, 2019

The Copernicus Marine Services State of Pacific Ocean analysis available data demonstrates that the ocean surrounding Islands is warmer, has higher heat content, with sea level rising at rates

Language: Английский

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A horizon scan of priorities for coastal marine microbiome research

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 1509 - 1520

Published: Oct. 21, 2019

Language: Английский

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