Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 399(10328), P. 924 - 944

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Knowing whether COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness wanes is crucial for informing policy, such as the need and timing of booster doses. We aimed to systematically review evidence duration protection vaccines against various clinical outcomes, assess changes in rates breakthrough infection caused by delta variant with increasing time since vaccination.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccination: The road ahead

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6585), P. 1127 - 1132

Published: March 10, 2022

A diverse array of successful, first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a huge role in efforts to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control, even though inequitable distribution still leaves many vulnerable. Additional challenges loom for next phase. These include optimizing immunological rationale boosting-how often and with what-and best approaches building future-proofed, durable immune repertoire protect against oncoming viral variants, including children. The landscape vaccine producers technologies is likely become more heterogeneous. There need now appraisal future approaches: While some favor frequent boosting first-generation, ancestral spike vaccines, others propose readjustment using current variant sequences, polyvalent or pan-coronavirus strategies.

Language: Английский

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Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 2416 - 2423

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. protection provided by vaccines booster doses offered a method of mitigating clinical outcomes mortality. However, the end 2021, global distribution was highly heterogeneous, with some countries gaining over 90% coverage in adults, whereas others reached less than 2%. In this study, we used an age-structured model SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, matched to national data from 152 investigate impact different potential vaccine sharing protocols that attempted address inequity. We quantified effects implemented rollout strategies on spread SARS-CoV-2, subsequent burden disease emergence novel variants. found greater would have lowered total disease, any associated increases infections previously vaccine-rich could been mitigated reduced relaxation non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results reinforce health message, pertinent future pandemics, proportional wealth, rather need, may be detrimental all.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine fatigue

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 1164 - 1171

Published: March 27, 2023

There is growing concern that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine fatigue will be a major obstacle in maintaining immunity the general population. In this study, we assessed acceptance future scenarios two conjoint experiments, investigating determinants such as new vaccines, communication, costs/incentives and legal rules. The experiments were embedded an online survey (n = 6,357 participants) conducted European countries (Austria Italy). Our results suggest vaccination campaigns should tailored to subgroups based on their status. Among unvaccinated, campaign messages conveying community spirit had positive effect (0.343, confidence interval (CI) 0.019-0.666), whereas offering incentives, cash reward (0.722, CI 0.429-1.014) or voucher (0.670, 0.373-0.967), was pivotal decision-making of those vaccinated once twice. triple vaccinated, readiness increased when adapted vaccines offered (0.279, 0.182-0.377), but costs (-0.795, -0.935 -0.654) medical dissensus (-0.161, -0.293 -0.030) reduced likelihood get vaccinated. We conclude failing mobilize likely result booster rates falling short expectations. For long-term success, measures fostering institutional trust considered. These provide guidance responsible for COVID-19 campaigns.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitation around the world: A literature review

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

The development of COVID-19 vaccines has helped limit the extent pandemic, which over past 2 years claimed lived millions people. Moderna and Pfizer were first to be manufactured using mRNA technology. Since then, other manufacturers have built their own utilize adenovirus vector, whole inactivated coronavirus, protein subunit methods. Given continued mutation SARS-CoV-2 virus, a booster vaccine offers additional protection for citizens, especially those with comorbid conditions. However, uptake faced hurdles. This literature review aims analyze acceptance among different populations throughout world. Keywords searched include “COVID-19 rates OR rates,” hesitancy,” “reasons against vaccine,” acceptance” (for each country). Research articles indexed in PubMed, University Illinois Urbana-Champaign Library, Google Scholar included. Despite proven effectiveness booster, hesitancy is still causing suboptimal compliance primary thus slowing down control pandemic. Reasons differ by country affected misinformation, political circumstances, cultural values. Among most common reasons found are distrust government, lack safety information, fear side effects. Uptake also been delayed low middle income countries due resource allocation as result, these fallen behind vaccination benchmarks. future unknown, but mandates doses possibility. Determining ethical impact that policies could will allow best implementation.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1376 - 1376

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

The antibody response to respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major focus of COVID-19 research due its clinical relevance and importance in vaccine therapeutic development. Neutralizing (NAb) evaluations are useful for the determination individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, efficacy, humoral protective longevity, as well supporting donor selection criteria convalescent plasma therapy. In current manuscript, we review essential concepts NAbs, examining their concept, mechanisms action, production, techniques used detection; presenting an overview use antibodies COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Humoral and cellular response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases under real-life conditions

Lara D. Veeken, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(SI2), P. SI180 - SI188

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Abstract Objectives Successful vaccination is key to overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Immunosuppressive medication known potentially compromise responses, and expansion of our knowledge on efficacy in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) therefore utmost importance. Methods We conducted a single-centre observational study evaluated approved vaccines 303 adult AIIRD patients. Serum levels IgG antibodies against S1 subunit SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (anti-S IgG) were measured at least two weeks after vaccination. In subgroup without humoral response, T-cell responses determined using an interferon-γ gamma release assay. Results Overall seropositivity rate was 78.5% significantly lower under immunosuppressive therapy (75.7 vs 93.2%, P = 0.009). No difference regarding type observed. Glucocorticoids, mycophenolate-mofetil, TNF inhibitors, tocilizumab, abatacept rituximab all associated non-response proper The risk highest RTX (OR 0.004, 95% CI 0.001, 0.023, < 0.0001). A strong negative correlation observed between time since mRNA vaccine anti-S antibody (r=–0.6149, response found 50%. Conclusions effective any vaccine. Humoral might be impaired depending individual medication. therapy. Anti-S wane over Importantly, 50% non-responders showed T-cellular suggesting T-cell-mediated protection certain extent.

Language: Английский

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Reduced Titers of Circulating Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers during the Nine Months after Immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 141 - 141

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had a tremendous impact on health services; hundreds of thousands healthcare workers (HCWs) have died from disease 2019 (COVID-19). introduction the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Italy provided recipients with significant protection against COVID-19 within one to two weeks after administration second recommended doses. While induces robust T cell response, protective role factors and pathways other than those related memory B responses specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed evaluate determinants serological group vaccinated HCWs (n = 793) by evaluating circulating levels antiviral spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies during nine-month period following vaccination. We found that 99.5% who received doses developed were maintained at detectable for as long 250 days dose vaccine. Multivariate analysis was performed anti-S-RBD titers subgroup participants 173) evaluated twice this period. results reveal antibody titer observed time point significantly magnitude primary elapsed between first evaluation, previous history infection. Of importance is finding despite waning vaccination, none contracted observational

Language: Английский

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An analysis of the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in France, Israel, Italy and Spain and their impact on health and economic outcomes

Health Policy and Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 100594 - 100594

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Duration of Effectiveness of Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Regression

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Background: Knowing whether and to what extent COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness wanes is critical informing policy, such as the need for timing of booster doses. Methods: We performed a systematic review from June 17 October 27, 2021, using structured search strategy multiple databases. Studies with efficacy or (VE) estimates any WHO Emergency-Use-Listed at discrete time intervals after full vaccination meeting pre-defined screening criteria underwent full-text risk bias assessment. Random effects meta-regression was used estimate average change in VE one six months vaccination. Findings: Of 9,261 studies screened, 217 text review, 14 were included analyses. Vaccines evaluated Pfizer/BioNTech-Comirnaty (n=11), Moderna-mRNA-1273 (n=8), Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S (n=3), AstraZeneca-Vaxzevria (n=2). On average, against SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased between 1 6 by 18·5 percentage points (95% CI 8·4-33·4, p=0·0006) among persons all ages 19·9 9·2-36·7, p=0·0007) older persons; symptomatic disease, 25·4 13·7-42·5) 32·0 11·0-69·0), respectively; severe 8·0 3·6-15·2) 9·7 5·9-14·7), respectively. The majority disease remained over 70% points. Interpretation: high (>70%) most vaccination, although it did decrease some (on 8-10 points) In contrast, approximately 20-30 during likely due, least part, waning immunity, we cannot rule out effect bias. Continued follow-up beyond updating policy. . Funding Information: Coalition Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)Declaration Interests: MMH reports research grants World Health Organization (WHO, (CEPI), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), Pfizer (all paid institution). RA contract United States Centers Disease Control Prevention, grant Chile Ministry Science, consulting fees Mayo Clinic Health. YG States-Israel Binational Science (BSF) Israel Foundation. MJG South African Medical Research Council BMGF institution) participation on data safety monitoring board study SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization death. AH BSF. KLO serves Secretariat Strategic Advisory Group Experts Immunization. MDK WHO, CEPI, ADB, consultancy Merck. All other authors have nothing declare.

Language: Английский

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