Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 569 - 586

Published: June 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Language: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Language: Английский

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Rapid adaptive responses to climate change in corals

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 627 - 636

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Marine probiotics: increasing coral resistance to bleaching through microbiome manipulation

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 921 - 936

Published: Dec. 5, 2018

Abstract Although the early coral reef-bleaching warning system (NOAA/USA) is established, there no feasible treatment that can minimize temperature bleaching and/or disease impacts on corals in field. Here, we present first attempts to extrapolate widespread and well-established use of bacterial consortia protect or improve health other organisms (e.g., humans plants) corals. Manipulation coral-associated microbiome was facilitated through addition a consortium native (isolated from Pocillopora damicornis surrounding seawater) putatively beneficial microorganisms for (pBMCs), including five Pseudoalteromonas sp., Halomonas taeanensis Cobetia marina-related species strains. The results controlled aquarium experiment two regimes (26 °C 30 °C) four treatments (pBMC; pBMC with pathogen challenge – Vibrio coralliilyticus, VC; challenge, control) revealed ability partially mitigate bleaching. Significantly reduced coral-bleaching metrics were observed pBMC-inoculated corals, contrast controls without addition, especially challenged which displayed strong signs as indicated by significantly lower photopigment contents Fv/Fm ratios. structure community also differed between specific bioindicators correlated inoculated sp.) VC Ruegeria sp.). Our indicate be manipulated lessen effect bleaching, thus helping alleviate stresses, BMCs representing promising novel approach minimizing mortality face increasing environmental impacts.

Language: Английский

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Marine Environmental Epigenetics

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 335 - 368

Published: June 29, 2018

Marine organisms’ persistence hinges on the capacity for acclimatization and adaptation to myriad of interacting environmental stressors associated with global climate change. In this context, epigenetics—mechanisms that facilitate phenotypic variation through genotype–environment interactions—are great interest ecologically evolutionarily. Our comprehensive review marine epigenetics guides our recommendations four key areas future research: dynamics wash-in wash-out epigenetic effects, mechanistic understanding interplay different marks interaction microbiome, mechanisms transgenerational inheritance, evolutionary implications genetic features. Emerging insights in can be applied critical issues such as aquaculture, biomonitoring, biological invasions, thereby improving ability explain predict responses taxa

Language: Английский

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The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Abstract The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which may affect potential: by shifting mean phenotype and changing variance population. synthesize literature across diverse taxa discuss these scenarios could shape response to selection. conclude outlining key avenues research improve our understanding complex interplay between hosts microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation?

Zoology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 1 - 19

Published: Feb. 15, 2018

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting uni- or multicellular host community associated microorganisms. Research on host–microbe interactions has become emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates invertebrates complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute development disease states. However, molecular cellular mechanisms controlling within poorly understood many key between organisms remain unknown. this perspective article, we outline some issues in interspecies particular address question how metaorganisms react adapt inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, hydrothermal vents.

Language: Английский

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Microbial indicators of environmental perturbations in coral reef ecosystems

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 21, 2019

Coral reefs are facing unprecedented pressure on local and global scales. Sensitive rapid markers for ecosystem stress urgently needed to underpin effective management restoration strategies. Although the fundamental contribution of microbes stability functioning coral is widely recognised, it remains unclear how different reef microbiomes respond environmental perturbations whether sensitive enough predict anomalies that can lead stress. However, lack microbial baselines hinders our ability study link between shifts in In this study, we established a comprehensive reference database selected Great Barrier Reef sites assess diagnostic value multiple free-living host-associated infer state ecosystems. A database, originating from (i.e. seawater, sediment, corals, sponges macroalgae), was generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing 381 samples collected over course 16 months. By coupling parameters, showed seawater microbiome has greatest surrounding environment. fact, 56% observed compositional variation explained temporal successions were characterised uniform community assembly patterns. Host-associated microbiomes, contrast, five-times less responsive environment their patterns generally uniform. applying suite indicator machine learning approaches, further data provide an accurate prediction temperature eutrophication chlorophyll concentration turbidity). Our results reveal communities have high potential parameters due sensitivity predictability. This highlights microorganisms illustrates long-term monitoring initiatives could be enhanced incorporating assessments seawater. We therefore recommend timely integration sampling into current initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(33)

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Probiotics mitigate post-heat stress disorder, preventing coral mortality.

Language: Английский

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Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 635, P. 203 - 232

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

Coral-reef ecosystems are experiencing frequent and severe disturbance events that reducing global coral abundance potentially overwhelming the natural capacity for reefs to recover. While mitigation strategies climate warming other anthropogenic disturbances implemented, restoration programmes being established worldwide as an additional conservation measure minimise loss enhance recovery. Current efforts predominantly rely on asexually produced fragments—a process with inherent practical constraints genetic diversity conserved spatial scale achieved. Because resilience of communities has hitherto relied regular renewal recruits, scaling-up would benefit from greater use sexually corals, which is approach gaining momentum. Here we review present state knowledge scleractinian sexual reproduction in context reef restoration, a focus broadcast-spawning corals. We identify key gaps bottlenecks currently constrain production corals consider feasibility using reef- reef-system scales.

Language: Английский

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