Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 278 - 316

Published: May 9, 2016

The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along with mounting evidence clinically important sex gender differences. T2DM is more frequently diagnosed at lower age body mass index in men; however, the most prominent risk factor, which obesity, common women. Generally, large sex-ratio differences across countries are observed. Diversities biology, culture, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status impact between males females predisposition, development, clinical presentation. Genetic effects epigenetic mechanisms, nutritional factors sedentary lifestyle affect differently both sexes. Furthermore, hormones have a great on energy metabolism, composition, vascular function, inflammatory responses. Thus, endocrine imbalances relate to unfavorable cardiometabolic traits, observable women androgen excess or men hypogonadism. Both biological psychosocial responsible for outcome. Overall, stress appears greater rather than men. In addition, increases cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, stroke mortality men, compared nondiabetic subjects. However, when dialysis therapy initiated, comparable females. Diabetes attenuate protective effect female development cardiac diseases nephropathy. Endocrine behavioral involved inequalities More research regarding sex-dimorphic pathophysiological mechanisms its could contribute personalized care future would thus promote awareness terms sex- gender-specific factors.

Language: Английский

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Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression: a meta‐analysis of 82 studies

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 135(5), P. 373 - 387

Published: Jan. 25, 2017

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that measured cytokine chemokine levels in individuals with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) compared to healthy controls HC s). Method The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE , PsycINFO databases were searched up until May 30, 2016. Effect sizes estimated random‐effects models. Result Eighty‐two comprising 3212 participants 2798 s met inclusion criteria. Peripheral interleukin‐6 IL ‐6), tumor necrosis factor TNF )‐alpha, ‐10, the soluble ‐2 receptor, C‐C ligand 2, ‐13, ‐18, ‐12, ‐1 receptor antagonist, 2 elevated patients s, whereas interferon‐gamma lower (Hedge's g = −0.477, P 0.043). Levels ‐1β, ‐2, ‐4, ‐8, ‐6 sIL ‐6R), ‐5, CCL ‐3, ‐17, transforming growth factor‐beta 1 not significantly altered s. Heterogeneity was large I : 51.6–97.7%), sources heterogeneity explored (e.g., age, smoking status, body mass index). Conclusion Our results further characterize cytokine/chemokine profile associated . Future are warranted elucidate heterogeneity, as well biosignature cytokines secreted by other immune cells.

Language: Английский

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Shared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels polygenic overlap

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6376), P. 693 - 697

Published: Feb. 9, 2018

Genes overlap across psychiatric disease Many genome-wide studies have examined genes associated with a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the degree to which genetic underpinnings these diseases differ or is unknown. Gandal et al. performed meta-analyses transcriptomic covering five major disorders and compared cases controls identify coexpressed gene modules. From this, they found that some share global expression patterns. This in polygenic traits may allow for better diagnosis treatment. Science , this issue p. 693

Language: Английский

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Depression and obesity: evidence of shared biological mechanisms

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 18 - 33

Published: Feb. 16, 2018

Language: Английский

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Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 497 - 511

Published: June 9, 2016

Language: Английский

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Administration of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 improves behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical aberrations caused by chronic restraint stress

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 310, P. 561 - 577

Published: Sept. 26, 2015

Language: Английский

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Stress and neuroinflammation: a systematic review of the effects of stress on microglia and the implications for mental illness

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 233(9), P. 1637 - 1650

Published: Feb. 5, 2016

Psychosocial stressors are a well-documented risk factor for mental illness. Neuroinflammation, in particular elevated microglial activity, has been proposed to mediate this association. A number of preclinical studies have investigated the effect stress on activity. However, these not systematically reviewed before. This study aims review effects microglia, as indexed by histological marker ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), and consider implications role development disorders. systematic was undertaken using pre-defined search criteria PubMed EMBASE. Inclusion data extraction agreed two independent researchers after abstracts full text. Eighteen met inclusion criteria. These used seven different psychosocial stressors, including chronic restraint, social isolation repeated defeat gerbils, mice and/or rats. The hippocampus (11/18 studies) prefrontal cortex (13/18 were most frequently studied areas. Within hippocampus, increased Iba-1 levels between 20 200 % reported all 11 studies; however, one found be duration-dependent effect. Of those examining cortex, ∼75 resulted Elevations also consistently seen nucleus accumbens, under some conditions amygdala paraventricular nucleus. There is consistent evidence that range lead activity good case other brain regions. with early-life/prenatal stress, well adulthood. We findings terms two-hit hypothesis, which proposes early-life primes leading potentiated response subsequent stress. understanding pathoaetiology disorders new treatments considered.

Language: Английский

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An active inference theory of allostasis and interoception in depression

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 371(1708), P. 20160011 - 20160011

Published: Oct. 11, 2016

In this paper, we integrate recent theoretical and empirical developments in predictive coding active inference accounts of interoception (including the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding model) with working hypotheses from theory constructed emotion to propose a biologically plausible unified mind that places metabolism energy regulation (i.e. allostasis), as well sensory consequences interoception), at its core. We then consider implications approach for understanding depression. speculate depression is disorder allostasis, whose myriad symptoms result 'locked in' brain relatively insensitive context. conclude brief discussion ways our might reveal new insights treatment depression.This article part themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition mental health'.

Language: Английский

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Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 152 - 168

Published: Aug. 31, 2017

Language: Английский

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Peripheral Alterations in Cytokine and Chemokine Levels After Antidepressant Drug Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2017

Language: Английский

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