The microbial nitrogen-cycling network

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 263 - 276

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

Language: Английский

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Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage

Nature, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 500(7464), P. 567 - 570

Published: July 26, 2013

Language: Английский

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Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons: From Enzymatic Reactions to the Environment

Microbial Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 26(1-3), P. 5 - 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Hydrocarbons are abundant in anoxic environments and pose biochemical challenges to their anaerobic degradation by microorganisms. Within the framework of Priority Program 1319, investigations funded Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on microbial hydrocarbons ranged from isolation enrichment hitherto unknown hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, discovery novel reactions, detailed studies enzyme mechanisms structures process-oriented situ studies. Selected highlights this program collected synopsis, with more information provided theme-focused reviews special topic issue ‘Anaerobic biodegradation hydrocarbons' [this issue, pp. 1-244]. The interdisciplinary character program, involving microbiologists, biochemists, organic chemists environmental scientists, is best exemplified alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases. Here, research topics in-depth mechanistic archetypical toluene-activating benzylsuccinate synthase, substrate-specific phylogenetic clustering synthases (toluene plus xylenes, p-cymene, p-cresol, 2-methylnaphthalene, n-alkanes), stereochemical co-metabolic insights into n-alkane-activating (methylalkyl)succinate bacterial groups previously possess means functional gene markers field enabled state-of-the-art stable isotope probing fractionation approaches. Other Mo-cofactor-dependent dehydrogenases performing O2-independent hydroxylation alkyl side chains (ethylbenzene, cholesterol, n-hexadecane), p-alkylated benzoates toluenes, glycyl radical-bearing 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase, types carboxylation reactions (for acetophenone, acetone, potentially also benzene naphthalene), W-cofactor-containing enzymes for reductive dearomatization benzoyl-CoA (class II reductase) obligate anaerobes addition water acetylene, fermentative formation cyclohexanecarboxylate benzoate, methanogenic hydrocarbons.

Language: Английский

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Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(7), P. 3956 - 4042

Published: July 1, 2020

We here present annotated lists of names Candidatus taxa prokaryotes with ranks between subspecies and class, proposed the mid-1990s, when provisional status was first established, end 2018. Where necessary, corrected are that comply current provisions International Code Nomenclature Prokaryotes its Orthography appendix. These lists, as well updated newly published additions corrections to be periodically in Journal Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology, may serve basis for valid publication if proposals expand type material naming also include gene sequences yet-uncultivated is accepted by Committee on Systematics Prokaryotes.

Language: Английский

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Microbial syntrophy: interaction for the common good

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 384 - 406

Published: March 13, 2013

Classical definitions of syntrophy focus on a process, performed through metabolic interaction between dependent microbial partners, such as the degradation complex organic compounds under anoxic conditions. However, examples from past and current scientific discoveries suggest that new, simple but wider definition is necessary to cover all aspects syntrophy. We term 'obligately mutualistic metabolism', which still focuses cooperation also includes an ecological aspect: benefit for both partners. By combined activity microorganisms, endergonic reactions can become exergonic efficient removal products therefore enable community survive with minimal energy resources. Here, we explain principles classical non-classical illustrate concepts various examples. present biochemical fundamentals allow microorganism range environmental conditions drive important biogeochemical processes. Novel technologies have contributed understanding syntrophic relationships in cultured uncultured systems. Recent research highlights obligately metabolism not limited certain pathways nor environments or microorganisms. This beneficial restricted transfer reducing agents hydrogen formate, involve exchange organic, sulfurous- nitrogenous toxic compounds.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Aspects of the Distribution of Different Autotrophic CO ₂ Fixation Pathways

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 77(6), P. 1925 - 1936

Published: Jan. 8, 2011

Autotrophic CO(2) fixation represents the most important biosynthetic process in biology. Besides well-known Calvin-Benson cycle, five other totally different autotrophic mechanisms are known today. This minireview discusses factors determining their distribution. As will be made clear, observed diversity reflects variety of organisms and ecological niches existing nature.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Photosynthesis

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 515 - 548

Published: March 3, 2011

Energy conversion of sunlight by photosynthetic organisms has changed Earth and life on it. Photosynthesis arose early in Earth's history, the earliest forms were almost certainly anoxygenic (non-oxygen evolving). The invention oxygenic photosynthesis subsequent rise atmospheric oxygen approximately 2.4 billion years ago revolutionized energetic enzymatic fundamentals life. repercussions this revolution are manifested novel biosynthetic pathways cofactors modification electron carriers, pigments, existing alternative modes carbon fixation. evolutionary history is further complicated lateral gene transfer that involved components as well endosymbiotic events. An expanding wealth genetic information, together with biochemical, biophysical, physiological data, reveals a mosaic features. In combination, these data provide an increasingly robust framework to formulate evaluate hypotheses concerning origin evolution photosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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Chemistry with Methane: Concepts Rather than Recipes

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 50(43), P. 10096 - 10115

Published: June 8, 2011

Four seemingly simple transformations related to the chemistry of methane will be addressed from mechanistic and conceptual points view: 1) metal-mediated dehydrogenation form metal carbene complexes, 2) hydrogen-atom abstraction step in oxidative dimerization methane, 3) mechanisms CH(4)→CH(3)OH conversion, 4) initial bond scission (C-H vs. O-H) as well rate-limiting selective CH(3)OH→CH(2)O oxidation. State-of-the-art gas-phase experiments, conjunction with electronic-structure calculations, permit identification elementary reactions at a molecular level thus allow us unravel detailed aspects. Where appropriate, these results are compared findings studies solution or on surfaces.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting life strategy concepts in environmental microbial ecology

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. fix006 - fix006

Published: Jan. 22, 2017

Microorganisms are physiologically diverse, possessing disparate genomic features and mechanisms for adaptation (functional traits), which reflect on their associated life strategies determine at least to some extent prevalence distribution in the environment. Unlike animals plants, there is an unprecedented diversity intractable metabolic versatility among bacteria, making classification or grouping these microorganisms based functional traits as has been done animal plant ecology challenging. Nevertheless, representative pure cultures, microbial distinguishing different had proposed, focus of previous reviews. In environment, however, vast majority naturally occurring have yet be isolated, restricting association broad phylogenetic groups and/or physiological characteristics. Here, we reviewed literature how strategy concepts (i.e. copio- oligotrophic strategists, competitor-stress tolerator-ruderals framework) applied complex communities. Because scarcity direct empirical evidence elucidating communities, rely heavily observational studies determining response (a)biotic cues (e.g. resource availability) infer strategies. Although our parallels were drawn from fungal community. Our search showed inconsistency community proposed copiotrophic- oligotrophic-associated (phyla level) changing environmental conditions. This suggests that tracking finer taxonomic resolution family level lower) may more effective capture changes edaphic factors exert a stronger effect response. We discuss limitations provide recommendations future research applying studies.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 75(2), P. 361 - 422

Published: June 1, 2011

SUMMARY The majority of life on Earth—notably, microbial life—occurs in places that do not receive sunlight, with the habitats oceans being largest these reservoirs. Sunlight penetrates only a few tens to hundreds meters into ocean, resulting large-scale ecosystems function dark. Our knowledge processes dark ocean—the aphotic pelagic sediments, oceanic crust, hydrothermal vents, etc.—has increased substantially recent decades. Studies try decipher activity microorganisms where we cannot easily observe them, are yielding paradigm-shifting discoveries fundamentally changing our understanding role ocean global Earth system and its biogeochemical cycles. New generations researchers experimental tools have emerged, last decade particular, owing dedicated research programs explore biosphere. This review focuses current microbiology outlining salient features various discussing known still unexplored types metabolism their consequences cycling. We also focus patterns diversity communities characteristic different habitats.

Language: Английский

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