Dysbiosis and the immune system

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 219 - 232

Published: March 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1079 - 1089

Published: Oct. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Abstract Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on surface pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells. PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity immunity. Through binding ligands, produce anti-infection, antitumor, other immunoprotective effects. Most in innate immune system vertebrates be classified into following five types based protein domain homology: Toll-like (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization (NOD)-like (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like (RLRs), C-type lectin (CLRs), absent melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like (ALRs). basically composed ligand domains, intermediate effector domains. bind their respective ligands recruit adaptor molecules with same structure through initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert In recent years, increased researches have greatly promoted understanding different provided ideas for treatment immune-related diseases even tumors. This review describes detail history, structural characteristics, mechanism, pathway, related disease, new drugs clinical trials therapy PRRs, discusses significance research pattern mechanism PRR-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Homeostatic Immunity and the Microbiota

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 562 - 576

Published: April 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Mother-to-Infant Microbial Transmission from Different Body Sites Shapes the Developing Infant Gut Microbiome

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 133 - 145.e5

Published: July 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

The gut microbiota influences the health of host, especially with regard to immune homeostasis and intestinal response. In addition serving as a nutrient enhancer, L-tryptophan (Trp) plays crucial roles in balance between tolerance maintenance. Recent discoveries have underscored that changes modulate host system by modulating Trp metabolism. Moreover, Trp, endogenous metabolites (kynurenines, serotonin melatonin), bacterial (indole, indolic acid, skatole, tryptamine) profound effects on microbial composition, metabolism, host's system, host-microbiome interface, system–intestinal interactions. aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates regulation immunity (as ligands AhR), which is beneficial for homeostasis. Among metabolites, AhR consist including kynurenine, kynurenic xanthurenic cinnabarinic indole, indole propionic acetic tryptamine. Additional factors, such aging, stress, probiotics, diseases (spondyloarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, colorectal cancer), are associated variability can influence Trp–microbiome–immune interactions also play regulating immunity. This review clarifies how regulates metabolism identifies underlying molecular mechanisms these Increased mechanistic insight into modulates through may allow identification innovative microbiota-based diagnostics, well appropriate nutritional supplementation prevent or alleviate inflammation. this provides new regarding comprehensive analyses targeted (including metabolites) essential experimental preciseness, cannot be neglected, explain contradictory results literature.

Language: Английский

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Sodium oligomannate therapeutically remodels gut microbiota and suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit Alzheimer’s disease progression

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 787 - 803

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Recently, increasing evidence has suggested the association between gut dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, yet role of microbiota in AD pathogenesis remains obscure. Herein, we provide a potential mechanistic link neuroinflammation progression. Using mouse models, discovered that, during alteration composition leads to peripheral accumulation phenylalanine isoleucine, which stimulates differentiation proliferation pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) cells. The brain-infiltrated Th1 immune cells are associated with M1 microglia activation, contributing AD-associated neuroinflammation. Importantly, elevation isoleucine concentrations increase cell frequency blood were also observed two small independent cohorts patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due AD. Furthermore, GV-971, sodium oligomannate that demonstrated solid consistent cognition improvement phase 3 clinical trial China, suppresses phenylalanine/isoleucine accumulation, harnesses reverses impairment. Together, our findings highlight dysbiosis-promoted progression suggest novel strategy for therapy by remodelling microbiota.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 25, 2020

Abstract The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears play critical role pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. not only activates antiviral responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release with COVID-19, leading lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, granulocyte monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced abnormalities may lead infections microorganisms, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying COVID-19 must be elucidated guide management of the disease. Moreover, rational SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, key successful treatment. In this review, we discuss immunopathology its potential mechanisms, implications aid development new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease

Engineering, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 71 - 82

Published: Feb. 1, 2017

Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on within human beings. A variety environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship health disease. Here, we focus the interactions between microbiota host in order provide an overview role basic biological processes development progression major diseases such as infectious diseases, liver gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic respiratory mental or psychological autoimmune diseases. We also review important advances techniques associated research, DNA sequencing, metabonomics, proteomics combined computation-based bioinformatics. Current research become much more sophisticated comprehensive. Therefore, propose that should host-microbe interaction cause-effect mechanisms, could pave way understanding gut disease, new therapeutic targets treatment approaches clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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The Human Gut Microbiome: From Association to Modulation

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 172(6), P. 1198 - 1215

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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