Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
363(6422)
Published: Dec. 7, 2018
Commensal-specific
T
cells
are
flexible
Barrier
tissues,
like
the
skin,
sites
where
noninvasive
commensal
microbes
constantly
interact
with
resident
cells.
These
encounters
can
result
in
commensal-specific
cell
responses
that
promote,
for
example,
host
defense
and
tissue
repair.
Harrison
et
al.
show
subsets
of
skin-resident
interleukin-17A–producing
CD4
+
CD8
have
a
dual
nature:
They
coexpress
transcription
factors
direct
antagonistic
antimicrobial
(type
17)
antiparasite
pro–tissue
repair
2)
programs.
When
skin
is
damaged,
epithelial
alarmins
license
type
17
to
turn
on
2
cytokines.
Thus,
activity
under
homeostatic
conditions
but
rapidly
context
injury.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaat6280
Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
30(6), P. 492 - 506
Published: May 20, 2020
Abstract
The
interplay
between
the
commensal
microbiota
and
mammalian
immune
system
development
function
includes
multifold
interactions
in
homeostasis
disease.
microbiome
plays
critical
roles
training
of
major
components
host’s
innate
adaptive
system,
while
orchestrates
maintenance
key
features
host-microbe
symbiosis.
In
a
genetically
susceptible
host,
imbalances
microbiota-immunity
under
defined
environmental
contexts
are
believed
to
contribute
pathogenesis
multitude
immune-mediated
disorders.
Here,
we
review
microbiome-immunity
crosstalk
their
health
disease,
providing
examples
molecular
mechanisms
orchestrating
these
intestine
extra-intestinal
organs.
We
highlight
aspects
current
knowledge,
challenges
limitations
achieving
causal
understanding
host
immune-microbiome
interactions,
as
well
impact
on
diseases,
discuss
how
insights
may
translate
towards
future
microbiome-targeted
therapeutic
interventions.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
71(5), P. 1020 - 1032
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
Journal of Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 558 - 577
Published: Oct. 15, 2019
The
gut-liver
axis
refers
to
the
bidirectional
relationship
between
gut
and
its
microbiota,
liver,
resulting
from
integration
of
signals
generated
by
dietary,
genetic
environmental
factors.
This
reciprocal
interaction
is
established
portal
vein
which
enables
transport
gut-derived
products
directly
liver
feedback
route
bile
antibody
secretion
intestine.
intestinal
mucosal
vascular
barrier
functional
anatomical
structure
that
serves
as
a
playground
for
interactions
limiting
systemic
dissemination
microbes
toxins
while
allowing
nutrients
access
circulation
reach
liver.
control
microbial
communities
critical
maintaining
homeostasis
axis,
part
this
communication
shapes
communities.
Alcohol
disrupts
at
multiple
interconnected
levels,
including
microbiome,
mucus
barrier,
epithelial
level
antimicrobial
peptide
production,
increases
exposure
proinflammatory
environment
Growing
evidence
indicates
pathogenetic
role
microbe-derived
metabolites,
such
trimethylamine,
secondary
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
ethanol,
in
pathogenesis
non-alcoholic
disease.
Cirrhosis
itself
associated
with
profound
alterations
microbiota
damage
different
levels
defence
epithelial,
immune
barriers.
relevance
severe
disturbance
cirrhosis
has
been
linked
translocation
live
bacteria,
bacterial
infections
disease
progression.
identification
elements
primarily
damaged
each
chronic
offers
possibilities
intervention.
Beyond
antibiotics,
upcoming
therapies
centred
on
include
new
generations
probiotics,
metabolites
(postbiotics),
faecal
transplantation,
carbon
nanoparticles.
FXR-agonists
target
both
are
currently
being
tested
diseases.
Finally,
synthetic
biotic
medicines,
phages
specific
bacteria
or
create
physical
barriers
offer
therapeutic
approaches.
Clinical Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
71(10), P. 2669 - 2678
Published: June 3, 2020
Abstract
Background
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
is
an
emerging
serious
global
health
problem.
Gastrointestinal
symptoms
are
common
in
COVID-19
patients,
and
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
RNA
has
been
detected
stool
specimens.
However,
the
relationship
between
gut
microbiome
remains
to
be
established.
Methods
We
conducted
a
cross-sectional
study
of
30
patients
with
COVID-19,
24
influenza
A(H1N1),
matched
healthy
controls
(HCs)
identify
differences
microbiota
by
16S
ribosomal
gene
V3–V4
region
sequencing.
Results
Compared
HCs,
had
significantly
reduced
bacterial
diversity;
higher
relative
abundance
opportunistic
pathogens,
such
as
Streptococcus,
Rothia,
Veillonella,
Actinomyces;
lower
beneficial
symbionts.
Five
biomarkers
showed
high
accuracy
for
distinguishing
from
HCs
area
under
curve
(AUC)
up
0.89.
Patients
H1N1
displayed
diversity
different
overall
microbial
composition
compared
patients.
Seven
were
selected
distinguish
cohorts
(AUC
=
0.94).
Conclusions
The
signature
was
that
HCs.
Our
suggests
potential
value
diagnostic
biomarker
therapeutic
target
but
further
validation
needed.
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2018
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
and
the
most
common
cause
for
dementia.
There
are
many
hypotheses
about
AD,
including
abnormal
deposit
of
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
protein
in
extracellular
spaces
neurons,
formation
twisted
fibers
tau
proteins
inside
cholinergic
neuron
damage,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
etc.,
anti-AD
drugs
based
on
these
have
been
developed.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
existing
emerging
hypothesis
related
therapies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
20(8), P. 1811 - 1811
Published: April 12, 2019
The
skin
is
a
complex
organ
that
has
devised
numerous
strategies,
such
as
physical,
chemical,
and
microbiological
barriers,
to
protect
the
host
from
external
insults.
In
addition,
contains
an
intricate
network
of
immune
cells
resident
tissue,
crucial
for
defense
well
tissue
homeostasis.
event
insult,
skin-resident
are
not
only
prevention
infection
but
also
reconstruction.
Deregulation
responses
often
leads
impaired
healing
poor
restoration
function.
this
review,
we
will
discuss
defensive
components
focus
on
function
in
homeostasis
their
role
wound
healing.
