The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2019

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative most often associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline, although less common clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. The cardinal pathological features of the have been known for more than one hundred years, today presence these amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles still required diagnosis. cause dementia globally. There remain no effective treatment options great majority patients, primary causes unknown except in small number familial cases driven by genetic mutations. Confounding efforts to develop diagnostic tools disease-modifying therapies realization that mixed proteinopathy (amyloid tau) frequently other age-related processes such as cerebrovascular Lewy body disease. Defining relationships between interdependence various co-pathologies remains an active area investigation. This review outlines etiologically-linked pathologic disease, well those inevitable findings uncertain significance, granulovacuolar degeneration Hirano bodies. Other frequent, but not inevitable, also discussed, including can clinically mimic These include TDP-43 proteinopathies argyrophilic grain purpose this provide overview pathology, its defining substrates related pathologies affect diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179(2), P. 312 - 339

Published: Sept. 26, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 157 - 172

Published: Dec. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Multiple Sclerosis

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 378(2), P. 169 - 180

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

Multiple sclerosis affects more than 2 million people worldwide and is currently incurable. A number of interventions to modify the course multiple have been developed that offer new insight into disease mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Reactive Astrocytes: Production, Function, and Therapeutic Potential

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 957 - 967

Published: June 1, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes

Immunity, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 253 - 271.e6

Published: Nov. 21, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 312 - 325

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

Abstract Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microglia astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. The activation microglia heterogeneous traditionally categorized neurotoxic (M1-phenotype A1-phenotype astrocytes) or neuroprotective (M2-phenotype A2-phenotype astrocytes). However, this dichotomized classification may not reflect various phenotypes astrocytes. relationship between these activated glial cells also very complicated, phenotypic distribution can change, based on progression diseases. A better understanding roles diseases essential for developing effective therapies. In review, we discuss response focusing contributions their relationship. addition, biomarkers to measure neuroinflammation studies therapeutic drugs that modulate neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

---

Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 225 - 242

Published: Nov. 20, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease

The Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 217(2), P. 459 - 472

Published: Dec. 1, 2017

Proliferation and activation of microglia in the brain, concentrated around amyloid plaques, is a prominent feature Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Human genetics data point to key role for pathogenesis AD. The majority risk genes AD are highly expressed (and many selectively expressed) by brain. There mounting evidence that protect against incidence AD, as impaired microglial activities altered responses β-amyloid associated with increased risk. On other hand, there also abundant activated can be harmful neurons. Microglia mediate synapse loss engulfment synapses, likely via complement-dependent mechanism; they exacerbate tau pathology secrete inflammatory factors injure neurons directly or neurotoxic astrocytes. Gene expression profiles indicate multiple states neurodegenerative settings, which might explain disparate roles development progression pathology.

Language: Английский

---