Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6371), P. 80 - 83

Published: Jan. 5, 2018

Not enough time for recovery Coral bleaching occurs when stressful conditions result in the expulsion of algal partner from coral. Before anthropogenic climate warming, such events were relatively rare, allowing reef between events. Hughes et al. looked at 100 reefs globally and found that average interval is now less than half what it was before. Such narrow windows do not allow full recovery. Furthermore, warming as El Niño are warmer previously, general ocean conditions. changes likely to make more difficult recover Science , this issue p. 80

Language: Английский

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Coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 546(7656), P. 82 - 90

Published: May 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 29, 2018

Heatwaves are important climatic extremes in atmospheric and oceanic systems that can have devastating long-term impacts on ecosystems, with subsequent socioeconomic consequences. Recent prominent marine heatwaves attracted considerable scientific public interest. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of how these ocean temperature been changing globally is missing. Using range data including global records daily satellite observations, situ measurements gridded monthly situ-based sets, we identify significant increases over the past century. We find from 1925 to 2016, average heatwave frequency duration increased by 34% 17%, respectively, resulting 54% increase annual days globally. Importantly, trends largely be explained mean temperatures, suggesting expect further under continued warming.

Language: Английский

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Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 556(7702), P. 492 - 496

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 306 - 312

Published: March 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves under global warming

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 560(7718), P. 360 - 364

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances and Challenges of Electrocatalytic N₂Reduction to Ammonia

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(12), P. 5437 - 5516

Published: May 27, 2020

Global ammonia production reached 175 million metric tons in 2016, 90% of which is produced from high purity N2 and H2 gases at temperatures pressures via the Haber–Bosch process. Reliance on natural gas for results large energy consumption CO2 emissions. Concerns human-induced climate change are spurring an international scientific effort to explore new approaches reduce its carbon footprint. Electrocatalytic reduction attractive alternative that can potentially enable synthesis under milder conditions small-scale, distributed, on-site electrolysis cells powered by renewable electricity generated solar or wind sources. This review provides a comprehensive account theoretical experimental studies electrochemical nitrogen fixation with focus low selectivity versus protons H2. A detailed introduction detection methods execution control experiments given as they crucial accurate reporting findings. The main part this focuses progress has been achieved range conditions. Finally, comments current challenges potential opportunities field provided.

Language: Английский

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Because some countries contribute to more that one GCRMN region (e .gSaudi Arabia contributes both the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ROPME Area regions), totals reported are not simply sum all from which data were contributed within each .

Language: Английский

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Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 586(7828), P. 217 - 227

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Language: Английский

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Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6374), P. 460 - 462

Published: Jan. 25, 2018

Corals wrapped in plastic Coral reefs provide vital fisheries and coastal defense, they urgently need protection from the damaging effects of waste. Lamb et al. surveyed 159 coral Asia-Pacific region. Billions items were entangled reefs. The more spikey species, likely to snag plastic. Disease likelihood increased 20-fold once a was draped Plastic debris stresses through light deprivation, toxin release, anoxia, giving pathogens foothold for invasion. Science , this issue p. 460

Language: Английский

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