The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(27)

Published: July 1, 2020

Collaboration broadens the “root economics space” ranging from “do-it-yourself” to “outsourcing” mycorrhizal partners.

Language: Английский

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Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 569(7756), P. 404 - 408

Published: May 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 1123 - 1158

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we still only beginning to explore complex relationships between root traits functions. Drawing literature in physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy soil science, reviewed 24 aspects functioning their with a number system traits, including architecture, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics biotic interactions. Based this assessment, critically evaluated current strengths gaps our knowledge, identify future research challenges field ecology. Most importantly, found that broadest importance not those most commonly measured. Also, estimation trait relative for requires us consider more comprehensive range functionally relevant from diverse species, across environments over time series. We also advocate establishing causal hierarchical links among will provide hypothesis‐based framework parsimonious sets strongest functions, link genotypes

Language: Английский

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Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(5), P. 1899 - 1905

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Root exudates are a pathway for plant-microbial communication and play key role in ecosystem response to environmental change. Here, we collate recent evidence that shows plants of different growth strategies differ their root exudation, can select beneficial soil microbial communities, drought affects the quantity quality exudation. We use this argue central involvement plant propose framework understanding how influence form function during after drought. Specifically, fast-growing modify recruit microbes facilitate regrowth drought, with cascading impacts on abundance functioning. identify outstanding questions methodological challenges need be addressed advance solidify our comprehension importance

Language: Английский

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A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 973 - 1122

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Language: Английский

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Plant–microbiome interactions under a changing world: responses, consequences and perspectives

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(6), P. 1951 - 1959

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Summary Climate change is increasing global temperatures and the frequency severity of droughts in many regions. These anthropogenic stresses pose a significant threat to plant performance crop production. The plant‐associated microbiome modulates impacts biotic abiotic on fitness. However, climate change‐induced alteration composition activities microbiomes can affect host functions. Here, we highlight recent advancements our understanding impact (warming drought) plant–microbiome interactions their ecological functions from genome ecosystem scales. We identify knowledge gaps, propose new concepts make recommendations for future research directions. It proposed that short term (years decades), adaptation plants mainly driven by microbiome, whereas long (century millennia), will be equally eco‐evolutionary between its host. A better response ways which mitigate negative inform predictions primary productivity aid developing management policy tools improve resilience systems.

Language: Английский

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Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus‐acquisition strategies of 16 crop species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 223(2), P. 882 - 895

Published: April 1, 2019

Summary Plant roots exhibit diverse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these are differently coordinated among crop species enhance P acquisition is unclear. Here, eight for were characterized 16 major herbaceous grown a glasshouse under limiting adequate availability. We found substantial interspecific variation species. Those with thinner showed more branching less first‐order length, had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response P, stronger branching, length specific of the whole system, Conversely, thicker exhibited higher AMF and/or P‐mobilizing exudates rhizosheath. conclude that, at level, tradeoffs occur three groups we examined. Root diameter good predictor relative expression how they change when limiting.

Language: Английский

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An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 42 - 59

Published: July 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Language: Английский

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Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 1857 - 1880

Published: July 3, 2019

ABSTRACT Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in trees their relative importance biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review synthesize the ecophysiological ectomycorrhizal, ericoid arbuscular symbioses effect of these on soil from local global scales. demonstrate that guilds display substantial genome‐encoded capacity for nutrition, particularly acquisition nitrogen phosphorus organic material. associations alter trade‐off between allocation roots or mycelium, traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, community assembly well response climate change. exhibit differential effects ecosystem carbon nutrient cycling affect elemental fluxes may mediate biome shifts also note most studies performed date have not been properly replicated collectively suffer strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. advocate combining carefully field experiments controlled laboratory with isotope labelling ‐omics techniques offers great promise understanding ecophysiology services types.

Language: Английский

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Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7878), P. 683 - 687

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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