Contrasting dynamics and trait controls in first-order root compared with leaf litter decomposition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(41), P. 10392 - 10397

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Significance Decomposition of plant roots and associated fungal mutualists is a dominant process in ecosystem carbon cycles, yet woefully understudied compared with decomposition leaf litter, particularly for the finest order that have highest turnover. In field experiment, we finest, most distal litter among 35 cooccurring temperate forest species over 6 years. We found rates root tips were considerably lower than those controlled by nonlignin compounds contrast to lignin:nitrogen ratio control decomposition. Our study suggests models terrestrial cycling based on aboveground patterns are inadequate describe roots.

Language: Английский

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Nonlinearity of root trait relationships and the root economics spectrum

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 17, 2019

The root economics spectrum (RES), a common hypothesis postulating tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation traits, is being challenged by conflicting relationships diameter, tissue density (RTD) nitrogen concentration (RN). Here, we analyze global trait dataset of absorptive roots for over 800 plant species. For woody species (but not non-woody species), find nonlinear diameter RTD RN, which stem from the allometric relationship stele cortical tissues. These explain how sampling bias different ends curves can result in relationships. Further, shape varies depending on evolutionary context mycorrhizal affiliation. Importantly, observed do support RES predictions. Allometry-based nonlinearity improves our understanding ecology, physiology evolution roots.

Language: Английский

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Plant root-shoot biomass allocation over diverse biomes: A global synthesis

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18, P. e00606 - e00606

Published: April 1, 2019

Globally, the allocation of root-shoot biomass is a key plant-adaptive strategy for terrestrial ecosystems to enhance carbon-sequestration capacity. However, deep mechanisms above-/below-ground distribution remain unclear, partly due multiple influencing factors. We thus aim clarify role various factors in across diverse biomes paper. A indicator named root/shoot ratio (RSR) was established, and 7763 observational data-sets were collected from literature, including root biomass, shoot plant height, climate information geographical coordinates. Results highlighted differences RSR plants with mean value approximately 0.90. Grasses boreal forest captured highest lowest RSR, respectively, while tree had lower than shrub grass. Angiosperms deciduous plants, on other hand, have higher gymnosperms evergreen respectively. Moreover, negatively correlated annual temperature, precipitation, height but positively elevation latitude. Redundancy analysis reflected that biotic abiotic explained variability similarly residual 0.883. These findings support optimal partitioning hypothesis adjust their growth according different environments, particular, tend partition more systems under stressful, low-nutrient poor climatic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(4), P. 1620 - 1635

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Language: Английский

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Fungal diversity regulates plant-soil feedbacks in temperate grassland

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(11)

Published: Nov. 2, 2018

Plant growth dynamics are shaped by the diversity of associating pathogenic, saprotrophic, and mutualistic soil fungi.

Language: Английский

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Satellite detection of cumulative and lagged effects of drought on autumn leaf senescence over the Northern Hemisphere

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 2174 - 2188

Published: March 21, 2019

Abstract Climate change has substantial influences on autumn leaf senescence, that is, the end of growing season (EOS). Relative to impacts temperature and precipitation EOS, influence drought is not well understood, especially considering there are apparent cumulative lagged effects plant growth. Here, we investigated (in terms Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI) EOS derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g) data over Northern Hemisphere extra‐tropical ecosystems (>30°N) during 1982–2015. The effect was determined by number antecedent months at which SPEI showed maximum correlation with (i.e., R max‐cml ) while lag a month between 1‐month occurred max‐lag ). We found for 27.2% 46.2% vegetated land area. For dominant time scales where occurred, observed 1–4 accumulated 2–6 effect. At biome level, had stronger in grasslands, savannas, shrubs than forests, may be related different root functional traits among types. Considering hydrological conditions, mean values both decreased along gradients annual its slope, suggesting drier regions as areas decreasing water availability. Furthermore, average tended decline gradient but increase increasing SPEI. Our results revealed strong phenology, these could provide valuable information response changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Variation and evolution of C:N ratio among different organs enable plants to adapt to N‐limited environments

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 2534 - 2543

Published: Dec. 24, 2019

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the primary elements involved in growth development of plants. The C:N ratio is an indicator use efficiency (NUE) input parameter for some ecological ecosystem models. However, knowledge remains limited about convergent or divergent variation ratios among different plant organs (e.g., leaf, branch, trunk, root) how evolution environment affect coefficient shifts. Using systematic measurements leaf-branch-trunk-root 2,139 species from tropical to cold-temperate forests, we comprehensively evaluated taxa forest types. showed convergence direction change but divergence rate change. Plants evolved toward lower leaf with N playing a more important role than C. (except leaf) was constrained by phylogeny, not strongly. Both during its spatial (lower at midlatitudes) help develop adaptive hypothesis. That is, plants higher promote NUE under strong N-limited conditions ensure survival priority, whereas less environments benefit priority. In nature, larger proportion high enabled communities inhabit conditions. Our results provide new insights on drivers organs, as well quantitative basis optimize land surface process

Language: Английский

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Root exudation as a major competitive fine‐root functional trait of 18 coexisting species in a subtropical forest

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(1), P. 259 - 271

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Summary Root exudation stimulates microbial decomposition and enhances nutrient availability to plants. It remains difficult measure predict this carbon flux in natural conditions, especially for mature woody Based on a known conceptual framework of root functional traits coordination, we proposed that may exudation. We measured other seven morphological/chemical/physiological 18 coexisting species deciduous‐evergreen mixed forest subtropical China. exudation, respiration, diameter nitrogen (N) concentration all exhibited significant phylogenetic signals. found positively correlated with competitive (root N concentration) negatively conservative trait tissue density). Furthermore, these relationships were independent A principal component analysis showed morphological loaded two perpendicular axes. is multidimensional fine‐root coordination. The metabolic dimension which was relatively the dimension, indicating increasing by might be complementary strategy plant acquisition. positive relationship between respiration promising approach future prediction

Language: Английский

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Drought‐induced changes in root biomass largely result from altered root morphological traits: Evidence from a synthesis of global field trials

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 41(11), P. 2589 - 2599

Published: June 7, 2018

Extreme drought is likely to become more frequent and intense as a result of global climate change, which may significantly impact plant root traits responses (i.e., morphology, production, turnover, biomass). However, comprehensive understanding how affects remains elusive. Here, we synthesized data from 128 published studies under field conditions examine the 17 variables associated with drought. Our results showed that decreased length density by 38.29% 11.12%, respectively, but increased diameter 3.49%. root:shoot mass ratio cortical aerenchyma 13.54% 90.7%, respectively. suggest modified morphological mortality, drought-induced decrease in biomass was less than shoot biomass, causing higher ratio. The cascading effects on need be incorporated into terrestrial biosphere models improve prediction climate-biosphere feedback.

Language: Английский

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Root traits explain rhizosphere fungal community composition among temperate grassland plant species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(3), P. 1492 - 1507

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Summary While it is known that interactions between plants and soil fungi drive many essential ecosystem functions, considerable uncertainty exists over the drivers of fungal community composition in rhizosphere. Here, we examined roles plant species identity, phylogeny functional traits shaping rhizosphere communities tested robustness these relationships to environmental change. We conducted a glasshouse experiment consisting 21 temperate grassland grown under three different treatments characterised within plants. found phylogenetic relatedness all affected composition. Trait with were primarily driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root stronger predictors than leaf traits. These patterns independent under. Our results showcase key role traits, especially diameter, nitrogen specific length, driving composition, demonstrating potential for be used predictive frameworks plant–fungal relationships. Furthermore, highlight how limitations our understanding function may obscure previously unmeasured interactions.

Language: Английский

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