The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(27)

Published: July 1, 2020

Collaboration broadens the “root economics space” ranging from “do-it-yourself” to “outsourcing” mycorrhizal partners.

Language: Английский

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Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 1123 - 1158

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Summary The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we still only beginning to explore complex relationships between root traits functions. Drawing literature in physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy soil science, reviewed 24 aspects functioning their with a number system traits, including architecture, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics biotic interactions. Based this assessment, critically evaluated current strengths gaps our knowledge, identify future research challenges field ecology. Most importantly, found that broadest importance not those most commonly measured. Also, estimation trait relative for requires us consider more comprehensive range functionally relevant from diverse species, across environments over time series. We also advocate establishing causal hierarchical links among will provide hypothesis‐based framework parsimonious sets strongest functions, link genotypes

Language: Английский

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A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(3), P. 973 - 1122

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Summary In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact environment, ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep generating cutting‐edge, meaningful integrated knowledge. Consideration below‐ground components ecosystem studies has been consistently called for decades, but methodology is disparate sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based collective effort large team experts, will improve trait comparisons across integration information databases by providing standardised methods controlled vocabularies. It meant be used not only as starting point students scientists who desire working ecosystems, also experts consolidating broadening views multiple aspects ecology. Beyond classical compilation measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from literature provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining entities giving keys dissection, classification naming beyond fine‐root vs coarse‐root approach; (2) considering specificity produce sound laboratory field data; (3) describing typical, overlooked steps studying roots (e.g. handling, cleaning storage); (4) gathering metadata necessary interpretation results reuse. Most importantly, all traits introduced with some degree ecological that foundation understanding meaning, typical use uncertainties, methodological conceptual perspectives future research. Considering this, urge readers solely extract protocol measurements this work, take moment read reflect extensive contained broader guide ecology, including sections I–VII introductions each section description. Finally, it critical understand major aim help break down barriers between subdisciplines ecology ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ study create favourable conditions inception comprehensive experiments role functioning.

Language: Английский

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An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 42 - 59

Published: July 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Language: Английский

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Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 36 - 50

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Abstract Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a understanding how land climate affect plant traits. A previous analysis six observed two main axes variation: (1) size variation at the organ level (2) leaf economics balancing persistence against growth potential. The orthogonality these suggests they differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that persist dataset 17 across more than 20,000 species. dominant joint effect soil on trait variation. Additional independent effects also most traits, whereas almost exclusively for Variation correlates well with latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, is better explained interactions fertility. These findings have potential improve our biodiversity patterns predictions change impacts biogeochemical cycles.

Language: Английский

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Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(4), P. 1620 - 1635

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Language: Английский

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Global root traits (GRooT) database

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 25 - 37

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Abstract Motivation Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related responses changing environmental conditions effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large‐scale comparative studies global models. For instance, remain absent from nearly all that define spectrum Thus, overcome conceptual methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration trait into analyses we created Global Root (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready‐to‐use by combining expertise ecologists with mobilization curation. Specifically, (a) determined set core relevant function based an assessment experts, (b) maximized species coverage through standardization within among traits, (c) implemented quality checks. Main types variables contained contains 114,222 records 38 continuous traits. Spatial location grain arid, continental, polar, temperate tropical biomes. Data were derived experimental field studies. Time period recorded between 1911 2019. Major taxa level measurement includes for which taxonomic information is available. vary their resolution, subspecies or varieties being highest genera lowest resolution It 184 varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 254 families. Owing variation sources, database include both individual observations mean values. Software format two csv files. A GitHub repository files script R query database.

Language: Английский

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Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 1123 - 1134

Published: June 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Coordination of leaf, root, and seed traits shows the importance of whole plant economics in two semiarid grasslands

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(6), P. 2410 - 2422

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Summary Uncertainty persists within trait‐based ecology, partly because few studies assess multiple axes of functional variation and their effect on plant performance. For 55 species from two semiarid grasslands, we quantified: (1) covariation between economic traits leaves absorptive roots, (2) among traits, height, leaf size, seed mass, (3) relationships these species' abundance. Pairs analogous root were at least weakly positively correlated (e.g. specific area (SLA) length (SRL)). Two pairs such N content DMC moderately ( r > 0.5) whether grouped by site, taxonomic group growth form, or life history. Root diameter was with mass for all groups except annuals monocots. Species higher dry matter (LDMC) tended to be more abundant = 0.63). Annuals larger seeds 0.69). Compared global‐scale syntheses many observations mesic ecosystems, observed stronger correlations weaker SLA N, SRL N. In persistence may require coordination above‐ belowground dense tissues facilitate dominance.

Language: Английский

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Root exudates from drought-affected plants increase soil respiration across a range of grassland species

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109731 - 109731

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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