ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 9614 - 9635
Published: Sept. 13, 2017
Skin
is
the
largest
organ
of
human
body,
and
it
offers
a
diagnostic
interface
rich
with
vital
biological
signals
from
inner
organs,
blood
vessels,
muscles,
dermis/epidermis.
Soft,
flexible,
stretchable
electronic
devices
provide
novel
platform
to
soft
tissues
for
robotic
feedback
control,
regenerative
medicine,
continuous
health
monitoring.
Here,
we
introduce
term
"lab-on-skin"
describe
set
that
have
physical
properties,
such
as
thickness,
thermal
mass,
elastic
modulus,
water-vapor
permeability,
which
resemble
those
skin.
These
can
conformally
laminate
on
epidermis
mitigate
motion
artifacts
mismatches
in
mechanical
properties
created
by
conventional,
rigid
electronics
while
simultaneously
providing
accurate,
non-invasive,
long-term,
Recent
progress
design
fabrication
sensors
more
advanced
capabilities
enhanced
reliability
suggest
an
impending
translation
these
research
lab
clinical
environments.
Regarding
advances,
first
part
this
manuscript
reviews
materials,
strategies,
powering
systems
used
electronics.
Next,
paper
provides
overview
applications
cardiology,
dermatology,
electrophysiology,
sweat
diagnostics,
emphasis
how
may
replace
conventional
tools.
The
review
concludes
outlook
current
challenges
opportunities
future
directions
wearable
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
119(8), P. 5461 - 5533
Published: Jan. 28, 2019
Bio-integrated
wearable
systems
can
measure
a
broad
range
of
biophysical,
biochemical,
and
environmental
signals
to
provide
critical
insights
into
overall
health
status
quantify
human
performance.
Recent
advances
in
material
science,
chemical
analysis
techniques,
device
designs,
assembly
methods
form
the
foundations
for
uniquely
differentiated
type
technology,
characterized
by
noninvasive,
intimate
integration
with
soft,
curved,
time-dynamic
surfaces
body.
This
review
summarizes
latest
this
emerging
field
"bio-integrated"
technologies
comprehensive
manner
that
connects
fundamental
developments
chemistry,
engineering
sensing
have
potential
widespread
deployment
societal
benefit
care.
An
introduction
chemistries
materials
active
components
these
contextualizes
essential
design
considerations
sensors
associated
platforms
appear
following
sections.
The
subsequent
content
highlights
most
advanced
biosensors,
classified
according
their
ability
capture
information.
Additional
sections
feature
schemes
electrically
powering
strategies
achieving
fully
integrated,
wireless
systems.
concludes
an
overview
key
remaining
challenges
summary
opportunities
where
chemistry
will
be
critically
important
continued
progress.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
32(15)
Published: July 8, 2019
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
soft
materials
and
system
integration
technologies
have
provided
a
unique
opportunity
to
design
various
types
of
wearable
flexible
hybrid
electronics
(WFHE)
for
advanced
human
healthcare
human–machine
interfaces.
The
biocompatible
with
miniaturized
wireless
systems
is
undoubtedly
an
attractive
prospect
the
sense
that
successful
device
performance
requires
high
degrees
mechanical
flexibility,
sensing
capability,
user‐friendly
simplicity.
Here,
most
up‐to‐date
materials,
sensors,
system‐packaging
develop
WFHE
are
provided.
Details
mechanical,
electrical,
physicochemical,
properties
discussed
integrated
sensor
applications
healthcare,
energy,
environment.
In
addition,
limitations
current
discussed,
as
well
key
challenges
future
direction
WFHE.
Collectively,
all‐inclusive
review
newly
developed
along
summary
imperative
requirements
material
properties,
capabilities,
performance,
skin
integrations
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: June 27, 2016
Abstract
Inspired
by
mammalian
skins,
soft
hybrids
integrating
the
merits
of
elastomers
and
hydrogels
have
potential
applications
in
diverse
areas
including
stretchable
bio-integrated
electronics,
microfluidics,
tissue
engineering,
robotics
biomedical
devices.
However,
existing
hydrogel–elastomer
limitations
such
as
weak
interfacial
bonding,
low
robustness
difficulties
patterning
microstructures.
Here,
we
report
a
simple
yet
versatile
method
to
assemble
into
with
extremely
robust
interfaces
(interfacial
toughness
over
1,000
Jm
−2
)
functional
microstructures
microfluidic
channels
electrical
circuits.
The
proposed
is
generally
applicable
various
types
tough
commonly
used
polydimethylsiloxane
Sylgard
184,
polyurethane,
latex,
VHB
Ecoflex.
We
further
demonstrate
enabled
microstructured
anti-dehydration
hybrids,
reactive
hydrogel
circuit
boards
patterned
on
elastomer.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 30, 2020
Abstract
Conducting
polymers
are
promising
material
candidates
in
diverse
applications
including
energy
storage,
flexible
electronics,
and
bioelectronics.
However,
the
fabrication
of
conducting
has
mostly
relied
on
conventional
approaches
such
as
ink-jet
printing,
screen
electron-beam
lithography,
whose
limitations
have
hampered
rapid
innovations
broad
polymers.
Here
we
introduce
a
high-performance
3D
printable
polymer
ink
based
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene
sulfonate
(PEDOT:PSS)
for
printing
The
resultant
superior
printability
enables
facile
into
high
resolution
aspect
ratio
microstructures,
which
can
be
integrated
with
other
materials
insulating
elastomers
via
multi-material
printing.
3D-printed
also
converted
highly
conductive
soft
hydrogel
microstructures.
We
further
demonstrate
fast
streamlined
fabrications
various
devices,
neural
probe
capable
vivo
single-unit
recording.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: March 5, 2019
Abstract
Hydrogels
of
conducting
polymers,
particularly
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene
sulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS),
provide
a
promising
electrical
interface
with
biological
tissues
for
sensing
and
stimulation,
owing
to
their
favorable
mechanical
properties.
While
existing
methods
mostly
blend
PEDOT:PSS
other
compositions
such
as
non-conductive
the
blending
can
compromise
resultant
hydrogels’
and/or
Here,
we
show
that
designing
interconnected
networks
nanofibrils
via
simple
method
yield
high-performance
pure
hydrogels.
The
involves
mixing
volatile
additive
dimethyl
sulfoxide
(DMSO)
into
aqueous
solutions
followed
by
controlled
dry-annealing
rehydration.
hydrogels
exhibit
set
properties
highly
desirable
bioelectronic
applications,
including
high
conductivity
(~20
S
cm
−1
in
PBS,
~40
deionized
water),
stretchability
(>
35%
strain),
low
Young’s
modulus
(~2
MPa),
superior
mechanical,
electrochemical
stability,
tunable
isotropic/anisotropic
swelling
wet
physiological
environments.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
118(21), P. 10710 - 10747
Published: July 9, 2018
Synthetic
photoswitches
have
been
known
for
many
years,
but
their
usefulness
in
biology,
pharmacology,
and
medicine
has
only
recently
systematically
explored.
Over
the
past
decade
photopharmacology
grown
into
a
vibrant
field.
As
photophysical,
pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetic
properties
of
photoswitches,
such
as
azobenzenes,
become
established,
they
applied
to
wide
range
biological
targets.
These
include
transmembrane
proteins
(ion
channels,
transporters,
G
protein-coupled
receptors,
receptor-linked
enzymes),
soluble
(kinases,
proteases,
factors
involved
epigenetic
regulation),
lipid
membranes,
nucleic
acids.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
using
synthetic
switches
that
vivo,
i.e.,
living
cells
organisms.
We
discuss
scope
limitations
approach
study
function
challenges
it
faces
translational
medicine.
The
relationships
between
natural
chromophores
used
optogenetics,
caged
ligands
are
addressed.
