Conductive Hydrogel‐Based Electrodes and Electrolytes for Stretchable and Self‐Healable Supercapacitors DOI
Tao Cheng, Yizhou Zhang, Shi Wang

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(24)

Published: April 9, 2021

Abstract Stretchable self‐healing supercapacitors (SCs) can operate under extreme deformation and restore their initial properties after damage with considerably improved durability reliability, expanding opportunities in numerous applications, including smart wearable electronics, bioinspired devices, human–machine interactions, etc. It is challenging, however, to achieve mechanical stretchability self‐healability energy storage technologies, wherein the key issue lies exploitation of ideal electrode electrolyte materials exceptional ability besides conductivity. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) possess unique hierarchical porous structure, high electrical/ionic conductivity, broadly tunable physical chemical through molecular design structure regulation, holding tremendous promise for stretchable SCs. Hence, this review innovatively constructed a focus on CH based electrodes electrolytes First, common synthetic approaches CHs are introduced; then stretching strategies involved systematically elaborated; followed by an explanation conductive mechanism CHs; focusing CH‐based SCs; subsequently, application SCs electronics discussed; finally, conclusion drawn along views challenges future research directions regarding field

Language: Английский

Conducting polymers: a comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties and applications DOI Creative Commons

K Namsheer,

Chandra Sekhar Rout

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 5659 - 5697

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Conducting polymers are extensively studied due to their outstanding properties, including tunable electrical property, optical and high mechanical easy synthesis effortless fabrication environmental stability over conventional inorganic materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

892
Hydrogel machines DOI Creative Commons
Xinyue Liu, Ji Liu, Shaoting Lin

et al.

Materials Today, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 102 - 124

Published: Jan. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

819
3D printing of conducting polymers DOI Creative Commons

Hyunwoo Yuk,

Baoyang Lu, Lin Shen

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 30, 2020

Abstract Conducting polymers are promising material candidates in diverse applications including energy storage, flexible electronics, and bioelectronics. However, the fabrication of conducting has mostly relied on conventional approaches such as ink-jet printing, screen electron-beam lithography, whose limitations have hampered rapid innovations broad polymers. Here we introduce a high-performance 3D printable polymer ink based poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for printing The resultant superior printability enables facile into high resolution aspect ratio microstructures, which can be integrated with other materials insulating elastomers via multi-material printing. 3D-printed also converted highly conductive soft hydrogel microstructures. We further demonstrate fast streamlined fabrications various devices, neural probe capable vivo single-unit recording.

Language: Английский

Citations

807
Soft Materials by Design: Unconventional Polymer Networks Give Extreme Properties DOI

Xuanhe Zhao,

Xiaoyu Chen,

Hyunwoo Yuk

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4309 - 4372

Published: April 12, 2021

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical properties including being extremely tough, strong, resilient, adhesive, fatigue-resistant. These also critical for hydrogels' diverse applications ranging from drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, contact lenses to sensors, actuators, electronic devices, optical batteries, water harvesters, soft robots. Whereas numerous have been developed over the last few decades, a set of general principles that can rationally guide design using different materials fabrication methods various remain central need field materials. This review is aimed at synergistically reporting: (i) achieve physical properties, (ii) implementation strategies unconventional networks, (iii) future directions orthogonal multiple combined mechanical, physical, chemical, properties. Because these based on generic they applicable other elastomers organogels. Overall, will not only provide comprehensive systematic guidelines rational materials, but provoke interdisciplinary discussions fundamental question: why does nature select constitute major parts bodies?

Language: Английский

Citations

775
Stretchable and tough conductive hydrogels for flexible pressure and strain sensors DOI
Zhenwu Wang, Yang Cong, Jun Fu

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(16), P. 3437 - 3459

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Flexible pressure and strain sensors have great potential for applications in wearable implantable devices, soft robotics artificial skin. Compared to flexible based on filler/elastomer composites, conductive hydrogels are advantageous due their biomimetic structures properties, as well biocompatibility. Numerous chemical structural designs provide unlimited opportunities tune the properties performance of match various demands practical applications. Many electronically ionically been developed fabricate with different configurations, including resistance type capacitance type. The sensitivity, reliability stability hydrogel dependent network mechanical properties. This review focuses tough sensors. Representative strategies prepare stretchable, strong, self-healing briefly reviewed since these illuminating development hydrogels. Then, a general account is presented discussed. Recent advances designed sensory discussed detail. A series application devices reviewed. Some perspectives at end.

Language: Английский

Citations

507
Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots DOI
Yoonho Kim,

Xuanhe Zhao

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5317 - 5364

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional materials have facilitated emergence a new class capable tether-free actuation response to external stimuli such heat, light, solvent, or electric magnetic field. Among various types stimuli-responsive materials, shown remarkable progress their design and fabrication, leading development with unique advantages potential for many important applications. However, field is still its infancy requires further advancements terms principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, sensing modalities. Successful future would require comprehensive understanding fundamental principle actuation, well physical properties behavior this review, we discuss recent modeling simulation, robots. We then give set guidelines optimal performance Lastly, summarize biomedical applications provide our perspectives on next-generation

Language: Английский

Citations

497
Tough and stretchable ionogels by in situ phase separation DOI
Meixiang Wang,

Pengyao Zhang,

Mohammad Shamsi

et al.

Nature Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 359 - 365

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

493
Muscle-like fatigue-resistant hydrogels by mechanical training DOI Open Access
Shaoting Lin, Ji Liu, Xinyue Liu

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(21), P. 10244 - 10249

Published: May 8, 2019

Skeletal muscles possess the combinational properties of high fatigue resistance (1,000 J/m2), strength (1 MPa), low Young's modulus (100 kPa), and water content (70 to 80 wt %), which have not been achieved in synthetic hydrogels. The muscle-like are highly desirable for hydrogels' nascent applications load-bearing artificial tissues soft devices. Here, we propose a strategy mechanical training achieve aligned nanofibrillar architectures skeletal hydrogels, resulting properties. These obtained through training-induced alignment nanofibrils, without additional chemical modifications or additives. In situ confocal microscopy fracturing processes reveals that results from crack pinning by require much higher energy fracture than corresponding amorphous polymer chains. This is particularly applicable 3D-printed microstructures can isotropically fatigue-resistant, strong yet compliant

Language: Английский

Citations

463
An electrically conductive silver–polyacrylamide–alginate hydrogel composite for soft electronics DOI
Yunsik Ohm, Chengfeng Pan, Michael J. Ford

et al.

Nature Electronics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 185 - 192

Published: March 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

402
Stretchable, Injectable, and Self-Healing Conductive Hydrogel Enabled by Multiple Hydrogen Bonding toward Wearable Electronics DOI
Jingsi Chen,

Qiongyao Peng,

Thomas Thundat

et al.

Chemistry of Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(12), P. 4553 - 4563

Published: May 24, 2019

Conducting polymer hydrogels have been employed in diverse fields such as energy storage and bioelectronics, which possess both the mechanical properties of electronic transport conducting polymers. However, rigid fragile nature polymers hinders long-time stability limits their applications emerging flexible devices. In this work, we developed a novel type multifunctional conductive hydrogel, high conductivity is integrated with excellent stretchability, injectability, rapid self-healing capability, by incorporating multiple hydrogen-bonding 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups cross-linking points into brittle polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS) network. The formation interpenetrating PANI/PSS network offers hydrogel conduction assisted ionic transport, showing 13 S/m linear response (gauge factor = 3.4) to external strain (≈300%), accurate reliable detection various human motions. Taking advantage reversibility noncovalent cross-links, can be facilely molded different shapes demonstrate complete within 30 s upon damage. combination supramolecular chemistry enables multifunctionalities providing new insights design advanced functional materials 3D printing, wearable devices, electronics.

Language: Английский

Citations

394