Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 569 - 586

Published: June 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Language: Английский

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The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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The Future of Coral Reefs Subject to Rapid Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Extreme Environments

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Feb. 2, 2018

Global climate change and localised anthropogenic stressors are driving rapid declines in coral reef health. In vitro experiments have been fundamental providing insight into how organisms will potentially respond to future climates. However, such inevitably limited their ability reproduce the complex interactions that govern systems. Studies examining communities already persist under naturally-occurring extreme marginal physicochemical conditions therefore become increasingly popular advance ecosystem scale predictions of form function, although no single site provides a perfect analogue reefs. Here we review current state knowledge exists on distribution corals environments, geographic sites at latitudinal extremes growth, as well variety shallow systems reef-neighbouring environments (including upwelling CO2 vent sites). We also conduct synthesis abiotic data collected these systems, provide first collective assessment range which currently persist. use increase our understanding biological ecological mechanisms facilitate survival success sub-optimal conditions. This comprehensive can begin to: (i) highlight extent scenarios persist, (ii) explore whether there commonalities taxa able extremes, (iii) evidence for key required support and/or persistence environmental conditions, iv) evaluate potential act refugia changing Such approach is critical better understand environment. finally outline priority areas research discuss additional management options they may through refuge or by genetic stocks stress tolerant proactive strategies.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 18, 2019

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved pCO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification. At the same time greenhouse warming surface results enhanced stratification shoaling upper mixed layers, exposing photosynthetic organisms dwelling here to increased visible UV radiation as well decreased nutrient supply. In addition, eutrophication reduce concentration O2 seawater, contributing spread hypoxic zones. All these global changes interact affect marine primary producers. Such interactions have been documented, but much smaller extent compared responses each single driver. combined effects could be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic depending on species physiological processes involved experimental setups. For most calcifying algae, impacts acidification, solar and/or elevated temperature clearly their calcification; for diatoms, light levels enhance growth at low, inhibit it high sunlight. nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), acidification associated with may N2 fixation activity, other environmental variables such trace metal availability neutralize even reverse effects. Macroalgae, hand, either juveniles adults, appear benefit from rates tolerance lowered pH. There has little documentation deoxygenation producers, though theoretically concentrations selectively carboxylation oxygenation catalyzed by Rubisco thereby autotrophs. Overall, change biology studies used double stressors laboratory tests. This overview examines features warming, deoxygenation, focussing

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification affects coral growth by reducing skeletal density

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(8), P. 1754 - 1759

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

Significance Ocean acidification (OA) threatens coral reef futures by reducing the concentration of carbonate ions that corals need to construct their skeletons. However, quantitative predictions under OA are confounded mixed responses in experiments and field observations. We modeled skeletal growth a dominant reef-building coral, Porites , as function seawater chemistry validated model against observational data. show directly negatively affects one component two-step process (density) but not other (linear extension). Combining our with Global Climate Model output, we density could decline up 20.3% over 21st century solely due OA.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 81 - 85

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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Sustainable blue economy: Opportunities and challenges

Journal of Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Carbon dioxide addition to coral reef waters suppresses net community calcification

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 555(7697), P. 516 - 519

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Inorganic carbon physiology underpins macroalgal responses to elevated CO2

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 18, 2017

Abstract Beneficial effects of CO 2 on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses macroalgal species to acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that response assemblages elevated are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and proxy for :HCO 3 − use (δ 13 C values) macroalgae along gradient at volcanic seep, examined how shifts in other Mediterranean seeps related Five capable using both HCO had greater as concentrations increased. These (and one unable ) increased whereas obligate calcifying species, non-calcareous whose did not increase consistently concentration, declined abundance. Physiological groupings provide mechanistic understanding aid us determining which benefit from why.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 197 - 206

Published: April 26, 2019

Abstract The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. this rapid change surface waters well understood and readily detectable observations, yet there uncertainty about the effects acidification on society since it difficult to scale-up from laboratory mesocosm tests. Here, we provide synthesis likely ecosystem properties, functions services based observations along natural gradients pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive their degradation results less coastal protection habitat provisioning for fisheries. risks marine goods amplify with increasing causing shifts macroalgal dominance, loss biodiversity seep sites tropics, sub-tropics temperate coasts. Based empirical evidence, expect have serious consequences millions people who dependent protection, fisheries aquaculture. If humanity able make cuts fossil fuel emissions, will reduce costs avoid changes ecosystems seen areas projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement oceans should build United Nations Sustainable Development Goal ‘minimise address impacts acidification’.

Language: Английский

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