Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 592(7855), P. 571 - 576

Published: March 31, 2021

Language: Английский

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Bending the Curve of Global Freshwater Biodiversity Loss: An Emergency Recovery Plan

BioScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 330 - 342

Published: Jan. 9, 2020

Despite their limited spatial extent, freshwater ecosystems host remarkable biodiversity, including one-third of all vertebrate species. This biodiversity is declining dramatically: Globally, wetlands are vanishing three times faster than forests, and populations have fallen more twice as steeply terrestrial or marine populations. Threats to well documented but coordinated action reverse the decline lacking. We present an Emergency Recovery Plan bend curve loss. Priority actions include accelerating implementation environmental flows; improving water quality; protecting restoring critical habitats; managing exploitation ecosystem resources, especially species riverine aggregates; preventing controlling nonnative invasions; safeguarding river connectivity. recommend adjustments targets indicators for Convention on Biological Diversity Sustainable Development Goals roles national international state nonstate actors.

Language: Английский

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The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 559(7715), P. 517 - 526

Published: July 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(10)

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge prior invasion history. Emerging species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and drivers spread pivotal improving prevention risk assessment tools. Here, we use database 45,984 first records 16,019 established investigate dynamics occurrences emerging Even after many centuries invasions rate emergence new still high: One-quarter during 2000-2005 were that had not been previously recorded anywhere alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show high proportion cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known such amount imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these reflect incorporation regions into pool potential species, likely consequence expanding trade networks environmental change. This process compensates for depletion through successive invasions. We estimate 1-16% all on Earth, depending taxonomic group, qualify species. These suggest there remains have yet encounter, impacts are difficult predict.

Language: Английский

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Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 970 - 982

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, do not know whether will continue to accumulate regional floras and faunas, or the pace of accumulation decrease due depletion native source pools. Here, apply new model simulate numbers based on estimated sizes pools dynamics historical invasions, assuming continuation processes as observed past (a business‐as‐usual scenario). We first validated performance different versions by conducting back‐casting approach, therefore fitting until 1950 validating predictions from 2005. second step, selected best performing that provided most robust project trajectories 2050. Altogether, this resulted 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon–continent combinations. provide quantitative projections seven major taxonomic groups eight continents, accounting variation sampling intensity uncertainty projections. Overall, established per continent were predicted increase 2005 2050 36%. Particularly, strong increases projected Europe absolute (+2,543 ± 237 species) relative terms, followed Temperate Asia (+1,597 197), Northern America (1,484 74) Southern (1,391 258). Among individual groups, especially invertebrates globally. Declining (but positive) rates only Australasia. Our baseline assessment developments biological which help inform policies contain spread species.

Language: Английский

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Invasion Science: A Horizon Scan of Emerging Challenges and Opportunities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 464 - 474

Published: April 7, 2017

Language: Английский

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The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 1421 - 1437

Published: March 5, 2018

The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview the historical, contemporary and potential future roles ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. show that currently at least 75% 93% global naturalised flora grown domestic botanical gardens, respectively. Species gardens also have a larger range than those are not. After Middle Ages, particularly 18th 19th centuries, trade network emerged. Since then, cultivated species started to appear wild more frequently non-cultivated aliens globally, during century. Horticulture still plays prominent role current introduction, monetary value live-plant imports different parts world steadily increasing. Historically, - important component played major displaying, cultivating distributing new discoveries. While horticultural supply chain has declined, they significant link, with one-third institutions involved retail-plant sales research. However, become dependent on commercial nurseries as sources, North America. Plants selected for purposes not random selection flora, some characteristics promoted through horticulture, such fast growth, promote invasion. Efforts breed non-invasive cultivars rare. Socio-economical, technological, environmental changes will lead novel patterns introductions invasion opportunities already cultivated. describe could play mediating these changes. identify research challenges, call efforts past This required develop science-based regulatory frameworks prevent further

Language: Английский

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Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 40, P. 25 - 50

Published: Nov. 9, 2018

Fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda , is a crop pest native to the Americas, which has invaded and spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa within two years. Recent estimates of 20–50% maize yield loss in suggest severe impact on livelihoods. armyworm still infilling its potential range could other continents. In order understand fall armyworm’s year-round, global, distribution, we used evidence effects temperature precipitation life-history, combined with data African distributions construct Species Distribution Models (SDMs). We also investigated strength trade transportation pathways that carry beyond Africa. Up till now, only areas have climate similar validating use climatic SDMs. The strongest limits year-round distribution are coldest annual amount rain wet season. Much can host populations, but likelihoods colonising North seasonal migrations into Europe hard predict. South Southeast Asia Australia conditions would permit invade. Current routes reveal Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Thailand face high threat invasions originating from

Language: Английский

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Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 775, P. 145238 - 145238

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns trends costs aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution these taxa, geographic regions cost types; (ii) temporal dynamics costs; (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on recorded from existing literature, conservatively summed US$345 billion, with majority attributed invertebrates (62%), followed vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest were reported North America (48%) Asia (13%), principally result resource damages (74%); only 6% management. magnitude number highest United States for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries known had no costs, Africa Asia. Accordingly, network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate reporting. Aquatic have increased recent decades several orders magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented IAS; 5% species, despite 26% invaders being aquatic. Additionally, 1% invasion marine species. thus substantial, underreported. over time expected continue rising future invasions. We urge improved reporting managers, practitioners researchers reduce gaps. Few proactive investments; management spending is urgently needed prevent limit current damages.

Language: Английский

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