Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 970 - 982

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, do not know whether will continue to accumulate regional floras and faunas, or the pace of accumulation decrease due depletion native source pools. Here, apply new model simulate numbers based on estimated sizes pools dynamics historical invasions, assuming continuation processes as observed past (a business‐as‐usual scenario). We first validated performance different versions by conducting back‐casting approach, therefore fitting until 1950 validating predictions from 2005. second step, selected best performing that provided most robust project trajectories 2050. Altogether, this resulted 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon–continent combinations. provide quantitative projections seven major taxonomic groups eight continents, accounting variation sampling intensity uncertainty projections. Overall, established per continent were predicted increase 2005 2050 36%. Particularly, strong increases projected Europe absolute (+2,543 ± 237 species) relative terms, followed Temperate Asia (+1,597 197), Northern America (1,484 74) Southern (1,391 258). Among individual groups, especially invertebrates globally. Declining (but positive) rates only Australasia. Our baseline assessment developments biological which help inform policies contain spread species.

Language: Английский

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Invasive alien plant species: Their impact on environment, ecosystem services and human health

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 106020 - 106020

Published: Jan. 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Alien versus native species as drivers of recent extinctions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 203 - 207

Published: March 4, 2019

Native plants and animals can rapidly become superabundant dominate ecosystems, leading to claims that native species are no less likely than alien cause environmental damage, including biodiversity loss. We compared how frequently have been implicated as drivers of recent extinctions in a comprehensive global database, the 2017 International Union for Conservation Nature ( IUCN ) Red List Threatened Species. Alien were considered be contributing 25% plant 33% animal extinctions, whereas 5% 3% respectively. When listed putative driver more often associated with other extinction species. Our results offer additional evidence biogeographic origin, hence evolutionary history, determining factors its potential disruptive impacts.

Language: Английский

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Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 775, P. 145238 - 145238

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns trends costs aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution these taxa, geographic regions cost types; (ii) temporal dynamics costs; (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on recorded from existing literature, conservatively summed US$345 billion, with majority attributed invertebrates (62%), followed vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest were reported North America (48%) Asia (13%), principally result resource damages (74%); only 6% management. magnitude number highest United States for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries known had no costs, Africa Asia. Accordingly, network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate reporting. Aquatic have increased recent decades several orders magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented IAS; 5% species, despite 26% invaders being aquatic. Additionally, 1% invasion marine species. thus substantial, underreported. over time expected continue rising future invasions. We urge improved reporting managers, practitioners researchers reduce gaps. Few proactive investments; management spending is urgently needed prevent limit current damages.

Language: Английский

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Most invasive species largely conserve their climatic niche

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(38), P. 23643 - 23651

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

The ecological niche is a key concept for elucidating patterns of species distributions and developing strategies conserving biodiversity. However, recent times are seeing widespread debate whether niches conserved across space time (niche conservatism hypothesis). Biological invasions represent unique opportunity to test this hypothesis in short frame at the global scale. We synthesized empirical findings 434 invasive from 86 studies assess conserve their climatic between native introduced ranges. Although was rejected most studies, highly contrasting conclusions same within suggest that dichotomous these were sensitive techniques, assessment criteria, or author preferences. performed consistent quantitative analysis dynamics reported by previous studies. Our results show there very limited expansion ranges, occupy position similar environmental space. These support overall. In particular, narrower terrestrial animals, more recently, with occurrences. Niche similarity lower aquatic species, only intentionally fewer Climatic not increases our confidence transferring models new ranges but also supports use forecasting responses changing climates.

Language: Английский

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Common pathways by which non-native forest insects move internationally and domestically

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 13 - 27

Published: May 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Abstract Growth in fundamental drivers—energy use, economic productivity and population—can provide quantitative indications of the proposed boundary between Holocene Epoch Anthropocene. Human energy expenditure Anthropocene, ~22 zetajoules (ZJ), exceeds that across prior 11,700 years (~14.6 ZJ), largely through combustion fossil fuels. The global warming effect during Anthropocene is more than an order magnitude greater still. Global human population, their consumption, most changes impacting environment, are highly correlated. This extraordinary outburst consumption demonstrates how Earth System has departed from its state since ~1950 CE, forcing abrupt physical, chemical biological to Earth’s stratigraphic record can be used justify proposal for naming a new epoch—the

Language: Английский

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Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide

One Earth, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. 666 - 679

Published: May 1, 2021

Biological invasions are synonymous with international trade. The direct effects of trade have largely been quantified using relationships between imports and the number alien species in a region or patterns global spread linked to shipping air traffic networks. But also has an indirect role on biological by transforming environments societies exporting importing nations. Here, both roles invasions, as well their interaction, examined for first time. Future trends trade, including e-commerce, new routes, major infrastructure developments, will lead pressure national borders soon outstripping resources available intervention. current legislative scientific tools targeting insufficient deal this growing threat require mindset that focuses curbing pandemic risk posed species.

Language: Английский

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Island Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 31 - 60

Published: July 26, 2019

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity, they have also experienced loss it. Following human contact, island biodiversity has sustained negative impacts increasing in rate magnitude as transitioned from primary through secondary to tertiary economies. On islands, habitat transformation invasive non-native species historically been major threats although these will continue new forms, such human-induced climate change sea-level rise are emerging. Island changing with some going extinct, others abundance, becoming part many ecosystems, humans shaping ecological processes. thus microcosms for emerging socioecological landscapes Anthropocene. require strategies protection restoration their including maintaining biological cultural heritage regenerative practices, mainstreaming production landscapes, engaging reality novel ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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