Phylotranscriptomic consolidation of the jawed vertebrate timetree

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(9), P. 1370 - 1378

Published: July 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Origin and Diversification of Birds

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. R888 - R898

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution

Palaeontology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 13 - 48

Published: Oct. 22, 2017

Abstract The largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much the smallest, indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have focused on extreme giant sizes, tests of Cope's rule, and miniaturization line leading to birds. We use non‐uniform macroevolutionary models based Ornstein–Uhlenbeck trend processes unify these observations, asking: what patterns evolutionary rates, directionality constraint explain diversification dinosaur body mass? find that evolution is constrained by attraction discrete size optima undergo rare, but abrupt, shifts. This model explains both rarity multi‐lineage directional trends, occurrence abrupt excursions during origins groups such tiny pygostylian birds sauropods. Most expansion trait space results from constraint‐breaking innovations in just a small number lineages. These lineages shifted rapidly into novel regions space, occasionally most often large or sizes. As with Cenozoic mammals, intermediate sizes were typically attained only transiently trajectory size. demonstrates bimodality adaptive landscape for land vertebrates has existed more than 200 years.

Language: Английский

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Origin and Evolution of Birds

Fascinating life sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 154

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics and Morphology of Extinct Paleognaths Reveal the Origin and Evolution of the Ratites

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 68 - 77

Published: Dec. 15, 2016

Language: Английский

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Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 776 - 814

Published: Feb. 17, 2016

ABSTRACT The L ate J urassic to E arly C retaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions terrestrial marine ecosystems. Historically, the urassic/ ( / K ) boundary was classified as one eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing much complex pattern biotic abiotic dynamics than previously been appreciated. Here, we present synthesis our current knowledge Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous focusing particularly on events closest boundary. We find evidence for combination short‐term catastrophic large‐scale tectonic processes perturbations, major clade interactions that led seemingly dramatic faunal ecological turnover in both realms. This is coupled great reduction global biodiversity which might part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear have entirely resilient ‘event’, hints at ‘cascade model’ ecosystem changes driving dynamics. Within ecosystems, larger, more‐specialised organisms, such saurischian dinosaurs, suffered most. Medium‐sized tetanuran theropods declined, were replaced larger‐bodied groups, basal eusauropods neosauropod faunas. ascent paravian emphasised escalated competition contemporary pterosaur culminating explosive radiation birds, although timing obfuscated biases Smaller, ecologically diverse non‐archosaurs, lissamphibians mammaliaforms, comparatively extinctions, instead documenting origination many extant around In realm, extinctions focused low‐latitude, shallow shelf‐dwelling faunas, corresponding significant eustatic sea‐level fall latest Jurassic. More mobile plastic ichthyosaurs, survived relatively unscathed. High rates extinction other macropredaceous including plesiosaurs, are accompanied origin most lineages sharks. Groups occupied crocodylomorphs, document selective forms, whereas turtles diversified. These patterns suggest different selectivity operating between ultimately important determining fates key well origins lineages. identify series potential candidates these patterns, multiple bolide impacts, several episodes flood basalt eruptions, climate change, oceanic systems. transition therefore, not extinction, an transitional period co‐evolutionary history life arth.

Language: Английский

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How to Make a Bird Skull: Major Transitions in the Evolution of the Avian Cranium, Paedomorphosis, and the Beak as a Surrogate Hand

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 389 - 403

Published: July 1, 2016

The avian skull is distinctive in its construction and function. Much of bird anatomical variety expressed the beak; but beak itself, largely formed premaxillary bone, set upon a shortened face bulbous, enlarged braincase. Here, we use original observations reconstructions to describe overall form larger context provide general account evolutionary transformation from early dinosaur skull-the an archosaurian macropredator-to that modern birds. Facial shortening, enlargement braincase around brain (with consequential reduction circumorbital elements adductor chamber), thinning looser articulation bones are trends. Many these owe juvenilization or paedomorphosis, something abundantly evident comparison juvenile theropod (Coelophysis) avialans like Archaeopteryx Near crown, premaxilla becomes dramatically integrated into characteristic mobile kinetic system We posit this addition large element onto may be biomechanically feasible only because paedomorphic shortening face; kinesis loosening articulations, as played out reverse during maturation Coelophysis Finally, itself elaborated hands wing. There structural, kinematic, neurological similarities between pecking primate grasping. ability precision-select high-quality food against complex depauperate background have permitted crown birds survive end-Cretaceous cataclysm by feeding on insects, seeds, other detritus after collapse higher trophic levels web.

Language: Английский

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Mummified precocial bird wings in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 28, 2016

Abstract Our knowledge of Cretaceous plumage is limited by the fossil record itself: compression fossils surrounding skeletons lack finest morphological details and seldom preserve visible traces colour, while discoveries in amber have been disassociated from their source animals. Here we report osteology, pterylosis two exceptionally preserved theropod wings Burmese amber, with vestiges soft tissues. The extremely small size osteological development wings, combined digit proportions, strongly suggests that remains represent precocial hatchlings enantiornithine birds. These specimens demonstrate types associated modern birds were present within single individuals Enantiornithes Cenomanian (99 million years ago), providing insights into arrangement microstructure alongside immature skeletal remains. This finding brings new detail to our understanding infrequently juveniles, including first concrete examples follicles, feather tracts apteria avialans.

Language: Английский

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The trophic habits of early birds

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 513, P. 178 - 195

Published: March 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Diffusive transport and reaction in clay rocks: A storage (nuclear waste, CO2, H2), energy (shale gas) and water quality issue

Advances in Water Resources, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 39 - 59

Published: March 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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