A macroevolutionary mosaic: episodic host‐switching, geographical colonization and diversification in complex host–parasite systems

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 1533 - 1550

Published: July 8, 2008

Abstract Aim To integrate ecological fitting, the oscillation hypothesis and taxon pulse into a coherent null model for evolution of complex host–parasite associations. Location Global. Methods This paper reviews synthesizes literature that focuses on phylogenetic analyses reciprocal mapping system hosts their parasites to determine patterns associations geographical distributions through time. Results Host‐switching dispersal are common phenomena, occurring many temporal spatial scales. Diversification involving both co‐evolution colonization explains Across expanse Earth history, major radiations in assemblages have been preceded by disruption, breakdown host‐switching context can be defined concept fitting. cyclical process sets stage co‐diversification during periods relative stability, punctuated episodes regional global environmental disruption climatological change. Main conclusions Most observed explained an historical interaction between (episodes increasing host range alternating with isolation particular hosts) pulses (cyclical expansion range). Major change appear main drivers persistence diversification systems, creating opportunities allowing co‐speciation isolation.

Language: Английский

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An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae

Nature, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 475(7357), P. 465 - 470

Published: July 1, 2011

Language: Английский

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Lessons from the past: Evolutionary impacts of mass extinctions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 98(10), P. 5393 - 5398

Published: May 8, 2001

Mass extinctions have played many evolutionary roles, involving differential survivorship or selectivity of taxa and traits, the disruption preservation trends ecosystem organization, promotion taxonomic morphological diversifications—often along unexpected trajectories—after destruction marginalization once-dominant clades. The fossil record suggests that during mass is not strictly random, but it often fails to coincide with factors promoting survival times low extinction intensity. Although very serious concern, present-day yet achieved intensities seen in Big Five geologic past, which each removed ≥50% subset relatively abundant marine invertebrate genera. best comparisons for predictive purposes therefore will involve such as among regions, clades, functional groups, rules governing postextinction biotic interchanges dynamics, analyses cause continue unabated, suffer setbacks resume same trajectory, survive only fall into a marginal role disappear (“dead clade walking”), undergo burst diversification. These issues need be addressed spatially explicit framework, because regional differences diversification dynamics interchanges. Postextinction diversifications lag far behind initial impoverishment homogenization; they do simply reoccupy vacated adaptive peaks, explore opportunities opened constrained by intrinsic ecological context radiation.

Language: Английский

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A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 2141 - 2156

Published: July 24, 2008

The question of when modern birds (Neornithes) first diversified has generated much debate among avian systematists. Fossil evidence generally supports a Tertiary diversification, whereas estimates based on molecular dating favor an earlier diversification in the Cretaceous period. In this study, we used alternate approach, inference historical biogeographic patterns, to test hypothesis that initial radiation Order Psittaciformes (the parrots and cockatoos) originated Gondwana supercontinent during Cretaceous. We utilized broad taxonomic sampling (representatives 69 82 extant genera 8 outgroup taxa) multilocus character (3,941 bp from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes cytochrome oxidase I NADH dehydrogenase 2 nuclear introns rhodopsin intron 1, tropomyosin alpha-subunit 5, transforming growth factor ß-2) generate phylogenetic hypotheses for Psittaciformes. Analyses combined partitions using maximum parsimony, likelihood, Bayesian criteria produced well-resolved topologically similar trees which New Zealand taxa Strigops Nestor (Psittacidae) were sister all other psittaciforms cockatoo clade (Cacatuidae) was containing remaining (Psittacidae). Within large Psittacidae, some traditionally recognized tribes subfamilies monophyletic (e.g., Arini, Psittacini, Loriinae), several others polyphyletic Cyclopsittacini, Platycercini, Psittaculini, Psittacinae). Ancestral area reconstructions our current distributions supported Australasian origin Separate analyses timing parrot constructed with both relaxed-clock penalized likelihood approaches showed better agreement between geologic events chronograms basal split within than split, although these data are more equivocal. Taken together, results support after separation Africa India/Madagascar block subsequent through vicariance dispersal. These phylogenies will be value comparative studies behavior, ecology, life history parrots.

Language: Английский

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The profound influence of the Late Pliocene Panamanian uplift on the exchange, diversification, and distribution of New World birds

Ecography, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 333 - 342

Published: Feb. 11, 2010

Separated throughout most of the Cenozoic era, North and South America were joined during mid‐Pliocene when uplift Panama formed a land bridge between these two continents. The fossil record indicates that this connection allowed an unprecedented degree inter‐continental exchange to occur unique, previously isolated biotic assemblages, phenomenon now recognized as “Great American Biotic Interchange”. However, relatively poor avian has prevented our understanding role in shaping New World communities. To address question participation GABI, we compiled 64 phylogenetic studies applied relaxed molecular clock estimate timing trans‐isthmus diversification events. Here, show significant pulse interchange occurred concert with isthmus uplift. was temporally consistent well understood mammalian interchange, despite presumed greater vagility birds. Birds inhabiting variety habitats elevational zones responded newly available corridor. Within tropics, equal both directions although extratropical tropical regions it not. Avian lineages Nearctic origins have repeatedly invaded tropics radiated America; whereas, remain largely restricted confines Neotropical region. This unrecognized pattern asymmetric niche conservatism may represent important underappreciated contributor latitude diversity gradient.

Language: Английский

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Approaches to Macroevolution: 1. General Concepts and Origin of Variation

Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 427 - 450

Published: June 3, 2017

Approaches to macroevolution require integration of its two fundamental components, i.e. the origin and sorting variation, in a hierarchical framework. Macroevolution occurs multiple currencies that are only loosely correlated, notably taxonomic diversity, morphological disparity, functional variety. The variation within this conceptual framework is increasingly understood developmental terms, with semi-hierarchical structure gene regulatory networks (GRNs, used here broad sense incorporating not just genetic circuitry per se but factors controlling timing location expression repression), non-linear relation between magnitude change phenotypic results, evolutionary potential co-opting existing GRNs, responsiveness nongenetic signals (i.e. epigenetics plasticity), all requiring modification standard microevolutionary models, rendering difficult any simple definition novelty. underlying create anisotropic probabilities—i.e., an uneven density distribution—of around given starting point, for coordinated changes among traits can accommodate via epigenetic mechanisms. From standpoint, "punctuated equilibrium" "phyletic gradualism" simply represent cells matrix models change, trends novelty functions ecological opportunity. Over long timescales, contingency becomes especially important, be viewed terms macroevolutionary lags (the temporal separation trait or clade subsequent diversification); such arise by several mechanisms: as geological phylogenetic artifacts, when diversifications synergistic interactions traits, external events. spatial patterns origins novelties challenge theory; individual events described retrospectively, general model relating development, genetics, ecology needed. An accompanying paper (Jablonski Evol Biol 2017) reviews diversity dynamics some conclusions.

Language: Английский

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A primitive confuciusornithid bird from China and its implications for early avian flight

Science in China Series D Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 51(5), P. 625 - 639

Published: April 18, 2008

Language: Английский

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Return to the Malay Archipelago: the biogeography of Sundaic rainforest birds

Journal of Ornithology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 156(S1), P. 91 - 113

Published: March 12, 2015

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 526(7574), P. 569 - 573

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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The learning advantage: bird species that learn their song show a tighter adjustment of song to noisy environments than those that do not learn

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 2171 - 2180

Published: Aug. 20, 2012

Abstract Song learning has evolved within several avian groups. Although its evolutionary advantage is not clear, it been proposed that song may be advantageous in allowing birds to adapt their songs the local acoustic environment. To test this hypothesis, we analysed patterns of adjustment noisy environments and explored possible link learning. Bird vocalizations can masked by low‐frequency noise, respond singing higher‐pitched songs. Most reports strategy involve oscines, a group with learning‐based variability, doubtful whether species lack (e.g. suboscines) adjust environments. We address question comparing degree noise large sample oscines (17 populations, 14 species) suboscines (11 7 species), recorded Brazil (Manaus, Brasilia Curitiba) Mexico City. found significantly stronger association between minimum frequency levels (effect size) than suboscines, suggesting tighter match transmission capacity ambient acoustics. Suboscines more vulnerable pollution thus less capable colonizing cities or acoustically novel habitats. Additionally, whose was divergent populations showed noise–song associations. Our results suggest and/or plasticity allows adaptation new habitats selective linked evolution plasticity.

Language: Английский

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