A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(10)

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of richness, abundance, dominance for pollination; biological pest control; final yields in context ongoing land-use change. Pollinator enemy directly supported addition independent abundance dominance. Up 50% negative effects landscape simplification was due losses service-providing organisms, with consequences yields. Maintaining service providers is therefore vital sustain flow key agroecosystem benefits society.

Language: Английский

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Designing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity-based ecosystem services

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 1 - 12

Published: July 29, 2016

Sustainable and resilient agricultural systems are needed to feed fuel a growing human population. However, the current model of intensification which produces high yields has also resulted in loss biodiversity, ecological function, critical ecosystem services landscapes. A key consequence is landscape simplification, where once heterogeneous landscapes contain increasingly fewer crop non-crop habitats. Landscape simplification exacerbates biodiversity losses leads reductions on agriculture depends. In recent decades, considerable research focused mitigating these negative impacts, primarily via management habitats promote enhance at local scale. While it well known that factors interact, modifying overall structure seldom considered due logistical constraints. I propose can only be addressed by concerted effort fundamentally redesign Designing will require scientists work with stakeholders determine mix desired services, evaluate light those goals, implement targeted modifications achieve them. status design, ranging from fundamental principles resulting guidelines socioeconomic tools. gaps remain, time right for ecologists engage other disciplines, stakeholders, policymakers education advocacy foster design sustainable services. Nachhaltige und resiliente Agrarsysteme werden gebraucht, um die wachsende Weltbevölkerung zu ernähren mit Brennstoffen versorgen. Indessen hat das gegenwärtige Modell der landwirtschaftlichen Intensivierung, hohe Erträge liefert, auch Verluste zur Folge: bei Biodiversität, ökologischen Funktionen wichtigen Ökosystemleistungen Agrarlandschaften. Eine entscheidende Folge Intensivierung ist Vereinheitlichung Landschaft, wobei ehemals heterogene Landschaften zunehmend weniger Feldfrucht- nicht bewirtschaftete Habitate enthalten. Die Landschaft verschärft Biodiversitätsverluste, was Verminderung führt, von denen Landwirtschaft abhängt. den letzten Jahrzehnten waren Forschungen erheblichem Umfang darauf gerichtet, diese negativen Einflüsse abzumildern, vornehmlich durch Management Habitate, auf lokaler Ebene Biodiversität fördern Dienstleistungen stärken. Während gut bekannt ist, dass lokale Landschaftsfaktoren interagieren, wurde wegen logistischer Beschränkungen nur selten eine Veränderung gesamten Landschaftsstruktur Erwägung gezogen. Ich schlage vor, begründete Verlust einer konzertierten Anstrengung grundlegenden Neugestaltung Agrarlandschaft angegangen kann. Planung Agrarlandschaften macht es nötig, Wissenschaftler Interessengruppen zusammenarbeiten, Mischung gewünschter festzulegen, aktuelle vor diesem Hintergrund analysieren gezielte Veränderungen vorzunehmen, erreichen. untersuche gegenwärtigen Status Landschaftsplanung, fundamentalen Prinzipien bis Richtlinien sozio-ökonomischen Instrumenten. Auch wenn Forschungslücken bleiben, jetzt richtige Zeitpunkt für Ökologen gekommen, Zusammenarbeit anderen Disziplinen, Entscheidungsträgern Erziehungswesen Meinungsbildung suchen, Agrarlandschaftsplanung nachhaltige belastbare Biodiversitätsleistungen

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Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 540(7632), P. 266 - 269

Published: Nov. 29, 2016

Language: Английский

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β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 549 - 564

Published: May 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 1083 - 1094

Published: April 7, 2019

Abstract Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement crop fields other habitats in impacts arthropods their functions poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects landscape composition (% habitats) configuration (edge density) on margins, pest control, pollination yields. Configuration interacted with proportions non‐crop habitats, species’ dietary, dispersal overwintering traits led contrasting responses variables. Overall, however, high edge density, 70% pollinator 44% natural enemy species reached highest abundances control improved 1.7‐ 1.4‐fold respectively. Arable‐dominated densities achieved This suggests that enhancing density European agroecosystems can promote functional yield‐enhancing services.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbiomes and one health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 6 - 20

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(33), P. 16442 - 16447

Published: July 29, 2019

Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate loss. However, the amount of is generally low difficult increase in many intensively managed landscapes. We hypothesized that crop mosaic itself (hereafter "crop heterogeneity") also have positive biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions Europe North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients diversity mean field size. Within each landscape, 3 sampling sites 1, 2, or types. sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, birds) calculated a synthetic index multitrophic at level. was more beneficial for than cover. For instance, effect decreasing size from 5 2.8 ha as strong 0.5 11%. Decreasing benefited even absence vegetation between fields. number types had landscape-level diversity. surrounding fields depended Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence be an effective way without taking land out production.

Language: Английский

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Beyond organic farming – harnessing biodiversity-friendly landscapes

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 919 - 930

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

Biodiversity continues to decline rapidly, despite decades of repeated national and international policy efforts. Agricultural intensification is a major driver biodiversity losses, while conversion organic farming has been suggested as key technique halt or reverse this trend.In contrast widespread view, certified agriculture raises local richness species by just third when compared conventional farming. This achieved through waiving synthetic agrochemicals, but leads considerable yield requiring the more land obtain similar yields.Diversifying cropland reducing field size on landscape level can multiply in both without productivity.Complementing such increases heterogeneity with at least 20% seminatural habitat per should be recommendation current frameworks. We challenge appraisal that fundamental alternative for harnessing agricultural landscapes. Certification production largely restricted banning resulting limited benefits high losses ongoing specialisation. In contrast, successful measures enhance include diversifying size, which sustaining yields systems. Achieving landscape-level mosaic natural patches fine-grained diversification promoting large-scale biodiversity. needs urgently acknowledged makers an paradigm shift. decline, implementation conservation conventions, Convention Biological Diversity (1992), UN Decade (2011–2020), many other schemes, had little success [1.Kleijn D. et al.Does farmland contribute halting decline?.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011; 26: 474-481Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar,2.Pe'er G. al.Adding some green greening: improving EU's ecological focus areas farmers.Conserv. Lett. 2017; 10: 517-530Crossref Scholar]. Agriculture considered main cause global [3.Sánchez-Bayo F. Wyckhuys K.A.G. Worldwide entomofauna: A review its drivers.Biol. Conserv. 2019; 232: 8-27Crossref (919) Scholar, 4.Seibold S. al.Arthropod grasslands forests associated drivers.Nature. 574: 671-674Crossref (306) 5.Lichtenberg E.M. al.A synthesis effects diversified systems arthropod diversity within fields across landscapes.Glob. Chang. Biol. 23: 4946-4957Crossref (123) Scholar], objectives still collide FAO calls higher crop feed world [6.Tscharntke T. al.Global food security, future intensification.Biol. 2012; 151: 53-59Crossref (1050) The model intensification, based agrochemical inputs, large monocultures homogenisation, successfully increased yields, severe ecosystem services, even neighbouring nature reserves Scholar,5.Lichtenberg 6.Tscharntke 7.Kormann U. al.Local management drive trait-mediated nine taxa small grassland fragments.Divers. Distrib. 2015; 21: 1204-1217Crossref (62) Current trends only reversed concerted effort fundamentally redesign landscapes [8.Landis D.A. Designing biodiversity-based services.Basic Appl. 18: 1-12Crossref (262) 9.Grass I. al.Land-sharing/-sparing connectivity services conservation.People Nat. 1: 262-272Google 10.Grass al.Combining land-sparing land-sharing European landscapes.Adv. Res. 2021; 64: 251-303Crossref (14) Scholar]; is, shift agriculture. Certified farming, agrochemicals [11.Seufert V. Ramankutty N. Many shades gray – context-dependent performance agriculture.Sci. Adv. 3e1602638Crossref Scholar] achieve sustainability general particular, often claimed [12.Niggli Sustainability production: challenges innovations.Proc. Nutr. Soc. 74: 83-88Crossref (39) 13.Bosshard A. International Federation Organic Movements IFOAM Guide Landscape Quality Agriculture. IFOAM, 2009Google 14.Geiger al.Persistent negative pesticides biological control potential farmland.Basic 2010; 11: 97-105Crossref (724) However, contribution stop appears exaggerated public perception [15.Hole D.G. benefit biodiversity?.Biol. 2005; 122: 113-130Crossref Scholar,16.Schneider M.K. al.Gains organically farmed are not propagated farm level.Nat. Commun. 2014; 5: 4151Crossref (64) fact, switching from practices [17.Tuck S.L. al.Land-use intensity biodiversity: hierarchical meta-analysis.J. 51: 746-755Crossref (367) so needed produce same amount Scholar,18.Meemken E.-M. Qaim M. agriculture, environment.Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ. 2018; 39-63Crossref (82) Surprisingly, wealth biodiversity-friendly implemented have far poorly adopted [19.Kleijn al.Ecological intensification: bridging gap between science practice.Trends 34: 154-166Abstract (147) 20.Sirami C. al.Increasing enhances multitrophic regions.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116: 16442-16447Crossref 21.Batary P. al.Landscape-moderated importance hedges conserving bird vs. croplands grasslands.Biol. 143: 2020-2027Crossref (102) 22.Haan N.L. al.Designing arthropod-based North America.Adv. 191-250Crossref (1) 23.Boetzl F.A. multitaxa assessment effectiveness agri-environmental schemes management.Proc. 118: 1-9Crossref (3) Here, we restoring After considering essential propose effective solutions towards friendly ways integrate scales existing well policies. On average, world's crops ~34% abundance ~50% Scholar,24.Bengtsson J. al.The abundance: 42: 261-269Crossref Scholar,25.Smith O.M. al.Landscape context affects systems.Proc. 2020; 117: 2870-2878Crossref (12) plants bees benefitting most arthropods birds smaller degree Benefits also vary type strives environmental benefits, soil fertility biodiversity, prohibits fertilisers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms Scholar,12.Niggli Scholar,26.Mäder al.Soil farming.Science. 2002; 296: 1694-1697Crossref (1744) replacement herbicides mechanical weeding important conservation, because weed cover [27.Roschewitz complexity arable farming.J. 873-882Crossref (283) 28.Clough Y. al.Alpha beta conventionally managed wheat fields.J. 2007; 44: 804-812Crossref (143) 29.Holzschuh al.Agricultural support pollinator diversity.Oikos. 2008; 354-361Crossref 30.Batáry former Iron Curtain drives biodiversity-profit trade-offs German agriculture.Nat. 1279-1284Crossref (69) Practices diversification, fields, manure, low fertiliser input, restoration elements recommended organisations prevalent than farms [31.Fuller R.J. al.Benefits among taxa.Biol. 431-434Crossref (209) Scholar,32.Holzschuh al.Diversity flower-visiting cereal fields: system, composition regional context.J. 41-49Crossref they formal part certification regulations [33.Tscharntke al.Conserving tropical agroforestry scales.Conserv. 8: 14-23Crossref Mainstreaming public, pushed policies NGO activities, play role success, empathy trust schemes. Lastly, products profitable farmers, consumers, governments, pay premium prices Scholar,30.Batáry Scholar,34.Reganold J.P. Wachter J.M. twenty-first century.Nat. Plants. 2016; 2: 1-8Crossref (464) there limitations reduced misconceptions about pesticide use, taxon-specific commercial production. While waste meat consumption security lower additional obstacles [35.Gabriel al.Food comparing agriculture.J. 2013; 50: 355-364Crossref (134) When measured unit necessary defined output (e.g., number kilograms produced) simply hectare wheat), disappear [10.Grass Scholar,36.Kremen Reframing land-sparing/land-sharing debate conservation.Ann. 1355: 52-76Crossref (207) Globally all crops, 19–25% [18.Meemken Vegetables cereals show highest gaps [37.Seufert al.Comparing agriculture.Nature. 485: 229-232Crossref (1006) up 50% decrease [30.Batáry Scholar,35.Gabriel however, fruits oilseed Moreover, it myth principally waive pesticides. Pesticides allowed under labels long derived substances rather ones Widespread insecticides used pyrethrin, chrysanthemum, azadirachtin Asian neem tree. Copper sulfate applied cope fungal bacterial diseases, example, vineyards, orchards, vegetables [38.Nascimbene al.Organic plant vineyard located intensive landscapes.Environ. Manag. 49: 1054-1060Crossref (38) persistent accumulates soils [39.Tamm L. al.Reduktion von Pflanzenschutzmitteln der Schweiz: Beitrag des Biolandbaus.Agrarforschung Schweiz. 52–59Google Natural do much damage [40.Biondi al.Using organic-certified may safer agents: selectivity side 14 predator Orius laevigatus.Chemosphere. 87: 803-812Crossref (305) vast majority rarely treated potatoes, vegetables, hops, grapes, regularly heavily For instance, spraying grapes apples shown less Scholar,39.Tamm Overall, suggests smart application strategies use Integrated Pest Pollinator Management techniques) regardless [14.Geiger Scholar,41.Tscharntke al.When fails pest Five hypotheses.Biol. 204: 449-458Crossref (241) Scholar,42.Müller Impacts sublethal insecticide exposure insects facts knowledge gaps.Basic 30: 1-10Crossref (56) Similarly, harmful overfertilisation occurs mineral manure [43.Klimek al.Additive partitioning respect regime, fertilisation abiotic factors.Basic 9: 626-634Crossref (45) Importantly, spectrum [5.Lichtenberg Scholar,44.Forrest J.R.K. al.Contrasting patterns functional-trait landscape.J. 52: 706-715Crossref noncrop due missing herbicides, whereas mobile, landscape-dependent insect populations Furthermore, applications common great habitats. These habitats hedges, herbaceous boundaries, traditional, uneconomic agroecosystems calcareous orchard meadows [21.Batary Scholar,45.Weibull A.-C. butterflies landscape: system heterogeneity.Ecography. 2000; 743-750Crossref meta-analysis agrienvironment found off-field measures, margins hedgerows, twice in-field [46.Batáry agri-environment management.Conserv. 29: 1006-1016Crossref (419) diversity, butterfly [45.Weibull Increasing hedge length 250 m one 12 species, increasingly intensified, specialised, away idealism enthusiasm original movement (Figure 1). family characterised beginning movement, modern huge monocultures, resembling fields. come sterile greenhouse blocks cultures plastic sheets, covering entire Almeria Province (Spain) heart Europe's where >50% grown proportion increasing over last decade 1.4% 10.3% [47.Dundas Farming "Supersized": An Imperfect Solution Planet?.2019Google Further examples landscape-damaging produced blocks, favourably doubling extending growing seasons, cost [48.Chang greenhouses beyond supply?.Front. Environ. 43-49Crossref above suggest silver bullet Diversifying pollination, Scholar,49.Rosa-Schleich al.Ecological-economic Diversified Systems review.Ecol. 160: 251-263Crossref (41) Scholar,50.Tamburini promotes multiple compromising yield.Sci. 6eaba1715Crossref (Table 1 Table 2). land, particular Europe America, shaped short rotations simplify techniques specialise best-selling products. Diverse dominated after maize maize), three standard sequences wheat, barley, rape [51.Steinmann H.-H. Dobers E.S. Spatio-temporal analysis sequence Northern Germany: implications health protection.J. Plant Dis. Prot. 120: 85-94Crossref (37) Scholar,52.Bennett A.J. al.Meeting demand rotations.Biol. 52-71Crossref (247) Scholar]). simplified deplete soils, promote infestations, resistance applications, risk resource bottlenecks pollinators biocontrol agents [53.Schellhorn N.A. al.Time will tell: continuity bolsters services.Trends 524-530Abstract (133) increase declines [52.Bennett provided mixed pattern alone combined practices, wildflower strips, effectively stability pollination 54.Rundlöf al.Late-season mass-flowering red clover bumble bee queen male densities.Biol. 172: 138-145Crossref 55.Westphal al.Mass flowering improves early colony growth sexual reproduction bumblebees.J. 2009; 46: 187-193Crossref Globally, 15% longer (4.5 instead 3.8 years). Still, average 48% [56.Barbieri farming.Sci. Rep. 7: Diversification multicropping reduce 8–9% [57.Ponisio L.C. al.Diversification gap.Proc. R. B 282: 20141396Crossref could longer, 7-year period [26.Mäder uptake [58.Seufert al.Current contributions system.Agroecosyst. Divers. 2019: 435-452Crossref (7) Instead, trend intensify Scholar,59.Garibaldi L.A. Pérez-Méndez Positive outcomes employment worldwide.Ecol. 164: 106358Crossref (18) Scholar].Table 1Biodiversity scales, illustrated meta-analyses syntheses showing quantified estimatesMeasuresQuantified findingsRefsLocal scaleOff-field vs measuresMeasures areas, roughly enhancing richnes

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance and the recovery debt

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2017

Abstract Ecosystem recovery from anthropogenic disturbances, either without human intervention or assisted by ecological restoration, is increasingly occurring worldwide. As ecosystems progress through recovery, it important to estimate any resulting deficit in biodiversity and functions. Here we use data 3,035 sampling plots worldwide, quantify the interim reduction of functions during process (that is, ‘recovery debt’). Compared with reference levels, recovering run annual deficits 46–51% for organism abundance, 27–33% species diversity, 32–42% carbon cycling 31–41% nitrogen cycling. Our results are consistent across biomes but not degrading factors. suggest that restored have less diversity than ‘undisturbed’ ecosystems, even if complete reached, an debt will accumulate. Under such circumstances, increasing quantity less-functional restoration offsetting inadequate alternatives ecosystem protection.

Language: Английский

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Agriculturally dominated landscapes reduce bee phylogenetic diversity and pollination services

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 363(6424), P. 282 - 284

Published: Jan. 18, 2019

Land-use change threatens global biodiversity and may reshape the tree of life by favoring some lineages over others. Whether phylogenetic diversity loss compromises ecosystem service delivery remains unknown. We address this knowledge gap using extensive genomic, community, crop datasets to examine relationships among land use, pollinator structure, production. Pollinator communities in highly agricultural landscapes contain 230 million fewer years evolutionary history; was strongly associated with reduced yield quality. Our study links landscape-mediated changes structure natural disruption services. Measuring conservation success species counts alone fail protect functions full from which they are derived.

Language: Английский

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