Immunity,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
54(6), P. 1257 - 1275.e8
Published: May 16, 2021
The
kinetics
of
the
immune
changes
in
COVID-19
across
severity
groups
have
not
been
rigorously
assessed.
Using
immunophenotyping,
RNA
sequencing,
and
serum
cytokine
analysis,
we
analyzed
serial
samples
from
207
SARS-CoV2-infected
individuals
with
a
range
disease
severities
over
12
weeks
symptom
onset.
An
early
robust
bystander
CD8+
T
cell
response,
without
systemic
inflammation,
characterized
asymptomatic
or
mild
disease.
Hospitalized
had
delayed
responses
inflammation
that
was
already
evident
near
onset,
indicating
immunopathology
may
be
inevitable
some
individuals.
Viral
load
did
correlate
this
pathological
response
but
subsequent
severity.
Immune
recovery
is
complex,
profound
persistent
cellular
abnormalities
severe
correlating
altered
inflammatory
responses,
signatures
associated
increased
oxidative
phosphorylation
replacing
those
driven
by
cytokines
tumor
necrosis
factor
(TNF)
interleukin
(IL)-6.
These
late
immunometabolic
defects
clinical
implications.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
10(11), P. 1564 - 1564
Published: Oct. 23, 2018
Glutamine
is
the
most
abundant
and
versatile
amino
acid
in
body.
In
health
disease,
rate
of
glutamine
consumption
by
immune
cells
similar
or
greater
than
glucose.
For
instance,
vitro
vivo
studies
have
determined
that
an
essential
nutrient
for
lymphocyte
proliferation
cytokine
production,
macrophage
phagocytic
plus
secretory
activities,
neutrophil
bacterial
killing.
release
to
circulation
availability
mainly
controlled
key
metabolic
organs,
such
as
gut,
liver,
skeletal
muscles.
During
catabolic/hypercatabolic
situations
can
become
function,
but
its
may
be
compromised
due
impairment
homeostasis
inter-tissue
metabolism
acids.
this
reason,
currently
part
clinical
nutrition
supplementation
protocols
and/or
recommended
suppressed
individuals.
However,
a
wide
range
(e.g.,
ill/critically
ill,
post-trauma,
sepsis,
exhausted
athletes),
it
difficult
determine
whether
(oral/enteral
parenteral)
should
based
on
plasma/bloodstream
concentration
(also
known
glutaminemia).
Although
beneficial
immune-based
effects
are
already
established,
many
questions
evidence
positive
outcomes
still
remain
presented.
Therefore,
paper
provides
integrated
review
how
organs
important
system.
We
also
discuss
action,
issues
related
catabolic
situations.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 1562 - 1562
Published: May 27, 2020
The
coronavirus-disease
2019
(COVID-19)
was
announced
as
a
global
pandemic
by
the
World
Health
Organization.
Challenges
arise
concerning
how
to
optimally
support
immune
system
in
general
population,
especially
under
self-confinement.
An
optimal
response
depends
on
an
adequate
diet
and
nutrition
order
keep
infection
at
bay.
For
example,
sufficient
protein
intake
is
crucial
for
antibody
production.
Low
micronutrient
status,
such
of
vitamin
A
or
zinc,
has
been
associated
with
increased
risk.
Frequently,
poor
nutrient
status
inflammation
oxidative
stress,
which
turn
can
impact
system.
Dietary
constituents
high
anti-inflammatory
antioxidant
capacity
include
C,
E,
phytochemicals
carotenoids
polyphenols.
Several
these
interact
transcription
factors
NF-kB
Nrf-2,
related
effects,
respectively.
Vitamin
D
particular
may
perturb
viral
cellular
via
interacting
cell
entry
receptors
(angiotensin
converting
enzyme
2),
ACE2.
fiber,
fermented
gut
microbiota
into
short-chain
fatty
acids,
also
shown
produce
effects.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
importance
relevant
nutrients
effectively
reduce
thereby
strengthening
during
COVID-19
crisis.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
36(1), P. 461 - 488
Published: April 20, 2018
Metabolism
drives
function,
on
both
an
organismal
and
a
cellular
level.
In
T
cell
biology,
metabolic
remodeling
is
intrinsically
linked
to
development,
activation,
differentiation,
survival.
After
naive
cells
are
activated,
increased
demands
for
currency
in
the
form
of
ATP,
as
well
biomass
growth,
proliferation,
production
effector
molecules,
met
by
rewiring
metabolism.
Consequently,
pharmacological
strategies
being
developed
perturb
or
enhance
selective
processes
that
skewed
immune-related
pathologies.
Here
we
review
most
recent
advances
describing
changes
occur
during
lifecycle.
We
discuss
how
metabolism
can
have
profound
effects
health
disease
where
it
might
be
promising
target
treat
variety
Aging Cell,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
19(2)
Published: Dec. 12, 2019
Abstract
The
global
population
of
individuals
over
the
age
65
is
growing
at
an
unprecedented
rate
and
expected
to
reach
1.6
billion
by
2050.
Most
older
are
affected
multiple
chronic
diseases,
leading
complex
drug
treatments
increased
risk
physical
cognitive
disability.
Improving
or
preserving
health
quality
life
these
challenging
due
a
lack
well‐established
clinical
guidelines.
Physicians
often
forced
engage
in
cycles
“trial
error”
that
centered
on
palliative
treatment
symptoms
rather
than
root
cause,
resulting
dubious
outcomes.
Recently,
geroscience
challenged
this
view,
proposing
underlying
biological
mechanisms
aging
central
increase
susceptibility
disease
disability
occurs
with
aging.
In
fact,
strong
correlations
have
recently
been
revealed
between
dimensions
phenotypes
typical
aging,
especially
autophagy,
mitochondrial
function,
cellular
senescence,
DNA
methylation.
Current
research
focuses
measuring
pace
identify
who
“aging
faster”
test
develop
interventions
could
prevent
delay
progression
multimorbidity
Understanding
how
connect
impact
longitudinal
changes
trajectories
offers
unique
opportunity
resilience
mechanisms,
their
dynamic
changes,
stress
responses.
Harnessing
evoke
control
successful
lead
writing
new
chapter
human
medicine.
