Role of Epigenetics in Biology and Human Diseases.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 246 - 58

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

For a long time, scientists have tried to describe disorders just by genetic or environmental factors. However, the role of epigenetics in human diseases has been considered from half century ago. In last decade, this subject attracted many interests, especially complicated such as behavior plasticity, memory, cancer, autoimmune disease, and addiction well neurodegenerative psychological disorders. This review first explains history classification epigenetic modifications, then biology connection between environment are explained. Furthermore, is focusing on some with features, at end, we given future perspective field. The present article provides concepts examples reveal broad view different aspects diseases.

Language: Английский

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Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein Lysine Methylation

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 118(14), P. 6656 - 6705

Published: June 21, 2018

Protein lysine methylation is a distinct posttranslational modification that causes minimal changes in the size and electrostatic status of residues. Lysine plays essential roles regulating fates functions target proteins an epigenetic manner. As result, substrates degrees (free versus mono/di/tri) protein are orchestrated within cells by balanced activities methyltransferases (PKMTs) demethylases (KDMs). Their dysregulation often associated with neurological disorders, developmental abnormalities, or cancer. Methyllysine-containing can be recognized downstream effector proteins, which contain methyllysine reader domains, to relay their biological functions. While numerous efforts have been made annotate methylation, limited work has done uncover mechanisms this at molecular atomic level. Given biophysical biochemical properties methyllysine, review will focus on chemical aspects addition, recognition, removal mark. Chemical methods profile PKMT discussed along classification inhibitors for accurate perturbation methyltransferase activities. Semisynthesis methyllysine-containing also covered given critical need these reagents unambiguously define functional methylation.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 78(5), P. 327 - 335

Published: April 10, 2015

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics and depression

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 397 - 405

Published: Dec. 31, 2019

The risk for major depression is both genetically and environmentally determined. It has been proposed that epigenetic mechanisms could mediate the lasting increases in following exposure to adverse life events provide a mechanistic framework within which genetic environmental factors can be integrated. Epigenetics refers processes affecting gene expression translation do not involve changes DNA sequence include methylation (DNAm) microRNAs (miRNAs) as well histone modifications. Here we review evidence role of epigenetics pathogenesis from studies investigating DNAm, miRNAs, modifications using different tissues various experimental designs. From these studies, model emerges where underlying factors, interactions between two, drive aberrant targeting stress response pathways, neuronal plasticity, other behaviorally relevant pathways have implicated depression.

Language: Английский

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Epigenome Editing: State of the Art, Concepts, and Perspectives

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 101 - 113

Published: Dec. 28, 2015

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling in learning and memory

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. e281 - e281

Published: Jan. 13, 2017

Understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory formation and maintenance has been a major goal in field neuroscience. Memory are tightly controlled complex processes. Among various processes occurring at different levels, gene expression regulation is especially crucial for proper processing, as some genes need to be activated while must suppressed. Epigenetic genome involves such DNA methylation histone post-translational modifications. These edit genomic properties or interactions between cores. They then induce structural changes chromatin lead transcriptional genes. Recent studies have focused on concept remodeling, which consists 3D relation regulation, an important process learning memory. In this review, we will introduce three epigenetic involved regulation: methylation, acetylation. We also discuss general long-term storage relate control remodeling. Finally, how can contribute pathologies neurological disorders cause memory-related symptoms. help memory, brain disorders. review article, Somi Kim Bong-Kiun Kaang from Seoul National University, South Korea, (the addition chemical tags proteins that act spools around winds) influence affect storage. The researchers describe main - acetylation all drive repress promotion suppression. collectively physical structure DNA-protein complexes ways consolidation. A better understanding could new therapies conditions Huntington's disease.

Language: Английский

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Common dysregulation network in the human prefrontal cortex underlies two neurodegenerative diseases

Molecular Systems Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 10(7)

Published: July 1, 2014

Abstract Using expression profiles from postmortem prefrontal cortex samples of 624 dementia patients and non‐demented controls, we investigated global disruptions in the co‐regulation genes two neurodegenerative diseases, late‐onset Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) Huntington's HD ). We identified networks differentially co‐expressed DC gene pairs that either gained or lost correlation cases relative to control group, with former dominant for both patterns replicating independent human cohorts aging. When aligning physical interactions, a 242‐gene subnetwork enriched / signatures. This revealed surprising dichotomy gained/lost correlations among inter‐connected processes, chromatin organization neural differentiation, included DNA methyltransferases, DNMT 1 3A , which predicted but not latter as key regulator. To validate inter‐connection these processes our regulator prediction, generated brain‐specific knockout KO mice show Dnmt1 signature significantly overlaps P = 3.1 × 10 −12 ), while Dnmt3a does 0.017).

Language: Английский

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Genomic integrity and the ageing brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 672 - 684

Published: Oct. 14, 2015

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional regulator PRDM12 is essential for human pain perception

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 47(7), P. 803 - 808

Published: May 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Chd7 cooperates with Sox10 and regulates the onset of CNS myelination and remyelination

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 678 - 689

Published: Feb. 29, 2016

Language: Английский

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