HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1298 - 1298

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role depression. Overactivity occurs major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There also correlation between activation gut microbiota, has significant impact on development MDD. It believed that microbiota influence function through cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens various microbial species. schizophrenia varies depends mainly severity disease. This review summarizes involvement pathogenesis disorders, focusing depression schizophrenia, highlights possible these conditions. Although effective antidepressants are available, large proportion patients do not respond initial treatment. discusses new therapeutic strategies affect axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B antagonists non-psychoactive CB1 agonists and/or schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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The cortisol switch between vulnerability and resilience

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 20 - 34

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4772 - 4772

Published: March 1, 2023

Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient significantly affects ability function have satisfying family, social professional life. requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy depression long-term process associated risk numerous adverse drug effects, much attention paid alternative therapy methods, phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies previous clinical confirm antidepressant activity active compounds plants, such St. John’s wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm lavender, less known European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree magnolia bark. The these plants exert antidepressive effects similar mechanisms those found synthetic antidepressants. description phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake oxidase complex, agonistic antagonistic on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it noteworthy anti-inflammatory effect also important mentioned above light hypothesis immunological disorders CNS are significant pathogenetic factor narrative review results from traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses pathophysiology, symptomatology treatment depression, particular focus role phytopharmacology its provides action revealed experimental ingredients isolated herbal antidepressants selected confirming their effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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What do DNA methylation studies tell us about depression? A systematic review

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Abstract There has been a limited number of systematic reviews conducted to summarize the overview relationship between DNA methylation and depression, critically appraise roles major study characteristics in accuracy findings. This review aims impact on association this association. Electronic databases gray literatures until December 2017 were searched for English-language studies with standard diagnostic criteria depression. A total 67 included along summary their characteristics. We grouped findings into etiological treatment studies. Majority these selected recently published from developed countries. Whole blood samples most studied common tissues. Bisulfite conversion, pyrosequencing, was widely used test level across all High heterogeneity existed among terms experimental statistical methodologies designs. As recommended by Cochrane guideline, without meta-analysis should be undertaken. has, general, found that modifications associated Subgroup analyses showed BDNF SLC6A4 hypermethylations MDD or depression general. In contrast, NR3C1 , OXTR other genes, which tested only few studies, reported mixed More longitudinal using standardized laboratory are needed future enable more systematical comparisons quantitative synthesis.

Language: Английский

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Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Depression

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 738 - 750

Published: July 19, 2021

Major depressive disorder is the most common mental with significant economic burden and limited treatments. Acupuncture has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological treatment for reducing symptoms. However, potential mechanisms clinical effectiveness of acupuncture are not fully understood. This review aimed to: (1) summarize available evidence on depression, then (2) compare pharmacological interventions, guiding future studies. Studies animal models depression patients have shown that could increase hippocampal network neuroplasticity decrease brain inflammation, potentially to alleviating disorders. Overall studies indicated relieve primary particularly milder cases, was helpful in management post-stroke pain-related postpartum both an isolated adjunct treatment. It emphasized combined antidepressant only enhanced improvement secondary symptoms but also reduced side effects medical treatment, which main cause high dropout rates drug In summary, substantial from human researches supported beneficial effect depression. trials were small, it unclear whether their findings can be generalized, so more needed.

Language: Английский

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Chronic Stress-Induced Depression and Anxiety Priming Modulated by Gut-Brain-Axis Immunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 24, 2021

Chronic stress manifests as depressive- and anxiety-like behavior while recurrent elicits disproportionate behavioral impairments linked to stress-induced immunological priming. The gut-brain-microbiota-axis is a promising therapeutic target for it simultaneously modulates peripheral brain landscapes. In this study, combination of probiotics prebiotics, known synbiotic, promoted resilience chronic by normalizing gut microbiota populations promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion through modulation ileal innate lymphoid (ILC)3 activity, an impact reflecting responses better than limbic region neuroinflammation. Supporting conclusion, multivariate machine learning model correlatively predicted cross-tissue signature impairment where the Treg/T helper17 ratio associated hippocampal chemotactic chemokine prefrontal cortex IL-1β production in context deficits. depend on immune regulation, synbiotics attenuate behavior.

Language: Английский

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The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 620 - 629

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Association between organophosphorus pesticide exposure and depression risk in adults: A cross-sectional study with NHANES data

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 316, P. 120445 - 120445

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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A sex-specific genome-wide association study of depression phenotypes in UK Biobank

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 2469 - 2479

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract There are marked sex differences in the prevalence, phenotypic presentation and treatment response for major depression. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) adjust differences, to date, no seek identify sex-specific markers pathways. In this study, we performed a sex-stratified analysis broad depression with UK Biobank total participants ( N = 274,141), including only non-related participants, as well males 127,867) females 146,274) separately. Bioinformatics analyses were characterize common associated processes/pathways. We identified 11 loci passing genome-level significance P < 5 × 10 −8 ) one males. both females, genetic correlations significant between GWA other psychopathologies; however, educational attainment metabolic features body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio triglycerides females. Gene-based showed 147 genes significantly sample, 64 53 revealed “Regulation of Gene Expression” biological process, but suggested molecular mechanisms. Finally, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) outperformed opposite PRSs prediction depressive disorder. These findings provide evidence sex-dependent pathways clinical health conditions comorbid

Language: Английский

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Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2346 - 2346

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Methyl donors such as choline, betaine, folic acid, methionine, and vitamins B6 B12 are critical players in the one-carbon metabolism have neuroprotective functions. The comprises a series of interconnected chemical pathways that important for normal cellular Among these those methionine folate cycles, which contribute to formation S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM is universal methyl donor methylation reactions histone DNA methylation, two epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression play roles human health disease. Epigenetic been considered bridge between effects environmental factors, nutrition, phenotype. Studies animal models indicated importance optimal levels on brain behavior across lifespan. Imbalances micronutrients during periods development linked alterations genes function. We present studies support link imbalances donors, alterations, stress-related disorders. Appropriate should then be monitored at all stages healthier brain.

Language: Английский

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