Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience.

Psychological Review, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 123(4), P. 349 - 367

Published: June 24, 2016

Learned helplessness, the failure to escape shock induced by uncontrollable aversive events, was discovered half a century ago. Seligman and Maier (1967) theorized that animals learned outcomes were independent of their responses-that nothing they did mattered-and this learning undermined trying escape. The mechanism helplessness is now very well-charted biologically, original theory got it backward. Passivity in response not learned. It default, unlearned prolonged events mediated serotonergic activity dorsal raphe nucleus, which turn inhibits This passivity can be overcome control, with medial prefrontal cortex, subserves detection control leading automatic inhibition nucleus. So learn but passive an reaction stimulation. In addition, alterations ventromedial cortex-dorsal pathway come subserve expectation control. We speculate default compensating may have substantial implications for how treat depression. (PsycINFO Database Record

Language: Английский

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The Role of Genes, Stress, and Dopamine in the Development of Schizophrenia

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 81(1), P. 9 - 20

Published: Aug. 7, 2016

Language: Английский

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Stress and the brain: individual variability and the inverted-U

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 1344 - 1346

Published: Sept. 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Identification of a prefrontal cortex-to-amygdala pathway for chronic stress-induced anxiety

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 6, 2020

Abstract Dysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala is engaged in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety disorders. Here we show that, a rodent model induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), dysregulation occurs basolateral projection neurons receiving mono-directional inputs from dorsomedial cortex (dmPFC→BLA PNs) rather than those reciprocally connected with dmPFC (dmPFC↔BLA PNs). Specifically, CRS shifts dmPFC-driven excitatory-inhibitory balance towards excitation former, but not latter population. Such specificity preferential to connections made dmPFC, caused enhanced presynaptic glutamate release, highly correlated increased anxiety-like behavior stressed mice. Importantly, low-frequency optogenetic stimulation afferents BLA normalizes release onto dmPFC→BLA PNs lastingly attenuates CRS-induced increase behavior. Our findings thus reveal target cell-based mPFC-to-amygdala transmission for stress-induced anxiety.

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal cortex circuits in depression and anxiety: contribution of discrete neuronal populations and target regions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 2742 - 2758

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Chronic Stress Promotes Cancer Development

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 19, 2020

Background: In real life, people will inevitably encounter stress from various sources. Chronic on account of reasons like adversity, depression, anxiety, or loneliness/social isolation, can endanger human health. Recent studies have shown that chronic induce tumorigenesis and promote cancer development. This review describes the latest progress research molecular mechanisms by which promotes Findings: Primarily, activates classic neuroendocrine system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis) sympathetic nervous (SNS), is further exacerbated decline dysfunction prefrontal cortex hippocampus under stress. Stress hormones produced during activation both HPA axis SNS development through a variety mechanisms. also cause corresponding changes in body's immune function inflammatory response, significant because long-term response surveillance capabilities are implicated tumorigenesis. Conclusions: management great importance to healthy patients. Whether drugs limit signaling pathways downstream inhibit progression, prolonging patient survival, suppress stress-induced cancers, deserves study.

Language: Английский

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Hypothesis: Tau pathology is an initiating factor in sporadic Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 115 - 124

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Abstract The etiology of the common, sporadic form Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is unknown. We hypothesize that tau pathology within select projection neurons with susceptible microenvironments can initiate sAD. This postulate rests on extensive data demonstrating in human brains appears about a decade before formation Aβ plaques (Aβps), especially targeting glutamate association cortex. Data from aging rhesus monkeys show abnormal phosphorylation vulnerable neurons, associated calcium dysregulation. Abnormally phosphorylated (pTau) microtubules traps APP‐containing endosomes, which increase production. As oligomers tau, this would drive vicious cycles leading to sAD over long lifespan, genetic and environmental factors may accelerate pathological events. hypothesis could be testable aged monkey cortex naturally expresses characteristics capable promoting sustaining

Language: Английский

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Paying attention to attention in depression

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2019

Abstract Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences. Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration difficulties that negatively impact their day-to-day function, and these attention problems are not alleviated by current first-line treatments. In spite attention’s influence on many aspects cognitive emotional functioning, inclusion in diagnostic criteria for MDD, focus depression as a disease typically mood features, attentional features considered less an imperative investigation. Here, we summarize breadth depth findings from neurosciences regarding neural mechanisms supporting goal-directed order to better understand how might go awry depression. First, characterize behavioral impairments selective, sustained, divided depressed individuals. We then discuss interactions between other cognition (cognitive control, perception, decision-making) functioning (negative biases, internally-focused attention, attention). review evidence neurobiological including organization large-scale networks electrophysiological synchrony. Finally, failure treatments alleviate MDD more targeted pharmacological, brain stimulation, interventions. By synthesizing across disciplines delineating avenues future research, aim provide clearer outline may arise context how, mechanistically, they daily various domains.

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood matters: divergent patterns of stress-induced plasticity across the brain

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 1364 - 1375

Published: Sept. 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

Psychological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 142(12), P. 1275 - 1314

Published: Oct. 11, 2016

Dispositional negativity-the propensity to experience and express more frequent, intense, or enduring negative affect-is a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament adult personality. Elevated levels dispositional negativity can have profound consequences for health, wealth, happiness, drawing the attention clinicians, researchers, policymakers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding psychological neurobiological processes linking stable individual differences momentary emotional states. Self-report data suggest that 3 key pathways-increased stressor reactivity, tonic increases affect, increased exposure-explain most heightened affect characterizes individuals with disposition. Of these pathways, tonically elevated, indiscriminate appears be central daily life relevant development psychopathology. New behavioral biological provide insights into neural systems underlying pathways motivate hypothesis seemingly "tonic" may actually reflect reactivity stressors are remote, uncertain, diffuse. Research focused on humans, monkeys, rodents suggests this reflects trait-like variation activity connectivity several brain regions, including extended amygdala parts prefrontal cortex. Collectively, observations an integrative psychobiological framework dynamic cascade bind traits states and, ultimately, disorders other kinds adverse outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record

Language: Английский

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