DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries: A Comprehensive Review with Succesful Stories and Future Challenges
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
4(4), P. 1265 - 1279
Published: June 14, 2021
DNA-encoded
chemical
libraries
(DELs)
represent
a
versatile
and
powerful
technology
platform
for
the
discovery
of
small-molecule
ligands
to
protein
targets
biological
pharmaceutical
interest.
DELs
are
collections
molecules,
individually
coupled
distinctive
DNA
tags
serving
as
amplifiable
identification
barcodes.
Thanks
advances
in
DNA-compatible
reactions,
selection
methodologies,
next-generation
sequencing,
data
analysis,
DEL
allows
construction
screening
unprecedented
size,
which
has
led
highly
potent
ligands,
some
have
progressed
clinical
trials.
In
this
Review,
we
present
an
overview
diverse
approaches
generation
molecular
repertoires.
Recent
success
stories
described,
detailing
how
novel
were
isolated
from
campaigns
further
optimized
by
medicinal
chemistry.
The
goal
Review
is
capture
most
recent
developments
field,
while
also
elaborating
on
future
challenges
improve
therapeutic
platform.
Language: Английский
Metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation identifies a therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(491)
Published: May 8, 2019
Metabolic
reprogramming
is
linked
to
cancer
cell
growth
and
proliferation,
metastasis,
therapeutic
resistance
in
a
multitude
of
cancers.
Targeting
dysregulated
metabolic
pathways
overcome
resistance,
an
urgent
clinical
need
all
relapsed/refractory
cancers,
remains
difficult.
Through
genomic
analyses
specimens,
we
show
that
toward
oxidative
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS)
glutaminolysis
associated
with
the
Bruton's
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitor
ibrutinib
mantle
lymphoma
(MCL),
B
subtype
poor
outcomes.
Inhibition
OXPHOS
clinically
applicable
small
molecule,
IACS-010759,
which
targets
complex
I
mitochondrial
electron
transport
chain,
results
marked
inhibition
vitro
vivo
ibrutinib-resistant
patient-derived
models.
This
work
suggests
targeting
subvert
viable
approach
treat
highly
refractory
malignancies.
Language: Английский
Peptide–nanoparticle conjugates: a next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms?
Nano Convergence,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2018
Peptide–nanoparticle
conjugates
(PNCs)
have
recently
emerged
as
a
versatile
tool
for
biomedical
applications.
Synergism
between
the
two
promising
classes
of
materials
allows
enhanced
control
over
their
biological
behaviors,
overcoming
intrinsic
limitations
individual
materials.
Over
past
decades,
myriad
PNCs
has
been
developed
various
applications,
such
drug
delivery,
inhibition
pathogenic
biomolecular
interactions,
molecular
imaging,
and
liquid
biopsy.
This
paper
provides
comprehensive
overview
existing
technologies
that
in
broad
field
PNCs,
offering
guideline
especially
investigators
who
are
new
to
this
field.
Language: Английский
Targeting EMT in Cancer with Repurposed Metabolic Inhibitors
Trends in cancer,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
6(11), P. 942 - 950
Published: July 15, 2020
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
an
embryonic
phenotypic
plasticity
program,
in
cancer
confers
invasiveness,
dissemination,
and
chemo/immunotherapy
resistance.EMT
drives
through
dynamic
intermediate
states
(partial
EMT),
which
possess
high
metastasis-initiating
potential.
Genomic
functional
analyses
have
determined
the
existence
of
EMT/partial
EMT
features
multiple
human
types.EMT
is
associated
with
significant
metabolic
rewiring,
some
pathways
promote
maintain
EMT.Repurposing
antimetabolism
drugs
EMT-driven
cancers
could
reduce
incidence
metastasis
improve
patients'
response
to
treatments.A
better
understanding
interdependence
between
metabolism
accelerate
discovery
novel
treatments
for
aggressive
cancers.
(EMT)
determines
most
lethal
cancer,
formation
chemoresistance,
therefore
represents
attractive
target
oncology.
However,
direct
targeting
effector
molecules
is,
cases,
pharmacologically
challenging.
Since
emerging
research
has
highlighted
distinct
circuits
involved
EMT,
we
propose
use
metabolism-specific
inhibitors,
FDA
approved
or
under
clinical
trials,
as
a
drug
repurposing
approach
cancer.
Metabolism-inhibiting
be
coupled
standard
chemo-
immunotherapy
combat
resistant
classical
developmental
governed
by
switching
epithelial
phenotype
cell
mesenchymal
form
conferring
various
biological
processes
such
gastrulation,
neural
crest
migration,
wound
healing
[1.Kalluri
R.
Weinberg
R.A.
The
basics
epithelial–mesenchymal
transition.J.
Clin.
Invest.
2009;
119:
1420-1428Crossref
PubMed
Scopus
(6986)
Google
Scholar].
Cancer
being
highly
heterogeneous
disease
known
its
accumulations
abnormalities
cell,
often
recapitulates
manipulates
program
partial
transient
fashion
acquire
advantageous
survival
propagation
[2.Hanahan
D.
Hallmarks
cancer:
next
generation.Cell.
2011;
144:
646-674Abstract
Full
Text
PDF
(39909)
phenomenon
mediated
transcription
factors,
aiding
enhanced
invasive
ability,
dissemination
distant
sites,
metastatic
colonization,
stemness,
chemoresistance
[3.Williams
E.D.
et
al.Controversies
around
metastasis.Nat.
Rev.
Cancer.
2019;
19:
716-732Crossref
(184)
Scholar,4.Brabletz
T.
al.EMT
cancer.Nat.
2018;
18:
128-134Crossref
(973)
In
tissues,
process
also
been
observed
fundamental
early
steps
tumorigenesis
[5.Sato
M.
al.Human
lung
cells
progressed
malignancy
specific
oncogenic
manipulations.Mol.
Res.
2013;
11:
638-650Crossref
(138)
Scholar,6.Vaz
al.Chronic
cigarette
smoke-induced
epigenomic
changes
precede
sensitization
bronchial
single-step
transformation
KRAS
mutations.Cancer
Cell.
2017;
32
(e6):
360-376Abstract
(109)
Recent
evidence
that
undergone
full
less
potential,
while
hybrid
state
inherently
contain
degree
ability
[7.Beerling
E.
al.Plasticity
unlinks
from
metastasis-enhancing
stem
capacity.Cell
Rep.
2016;
14:
2281-2288Abstract
(209)
Scholar,
8.Pastushenko
I.
al.Identification
tumour
occurring
during
EMT.Nature.
556:
463-468Crossref
(643)
9.Kröger
C.
al.Acquisition
E/M
essential
tumorigenicity
basal
breast
cells.Proc.
Natl.
Acad.
Sci.
U.
S.
A.
116:
7353-7362Crossref
(192)
Dissemination
tumor
clusters
collective
migration
proposed
regulated
EMT-dependent
mechanisms
[10.Lambert
A.W.
al.Emerging
principles
metastasis.Cell.
168:
670-691Abstract
(1400)
Several
studies
took
logical
quantitatively
discern
samples
using
gene
expression-based
signature
metrics,
identified
correlation
poor
patient
[11.Taube
J.H.
al.Core
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
interactome
gene-expression
claudin-low
metaplastic
subtypes.Proc.
2010;
107:
15449-15454Crossref
(755)
12.Tan
T.Z.
al.Epithelial–mesenchymal
spectrum
quantification
efficacy
deciphering
responses
patients.EMBO
Mol.
Med.
2014;
6:
1279-1293Crossref
(388)
13.George
J.T.
al.Survival
outcomes
patients
predicted
expression
scoring
metric.Cancer
77:
6415-6428Crossref
(122)
Importantly,
pan-cancer
derived
across
types
revealed
strong
association
immune
checkpoint
targets
[14.Mak
M.P.
al.A
patient-derived,
identifies
global
molecular
alterations
enrichment
following
transition.Clin.
22:
609-620Crossref
(260)
Recently,
including
biopsies
several
advanced
carcinomas
[15.Navas
al.Clinical
evolution
carcinomas.Cancer
2020;
80:
304-318PubMed
These
together
unveil
central
role
progression
relevance.
Moreover,
contributes
[16.Fischer
K.R.
al.Epithelial-to-mesenchymal
not
required
but
chemoresistance.Nature.
2015;
527:
472-476Crossref
(1203)
17.Zheng
X.
dispensable
induces
pancreatic
cancer.Nature.
525-530Crossref
(1356)
18.Shibue
CSCs,
resistance:
mechanistic
link
implications.Nat.
Oncol.
611-629Crossref
(1198)
Scholar]
resistance
blockade
[19.Horn
L.A.
al.Tumor
immunotherapy.Trends
432-441Abstract
(45)
promotes
chemotherapeutic
cancers,
cisplatin
non-small
(NSCLC)
[20.Kurokawa
al.Cisplatin
influences
acquisition
molecular-targeted
agents
transition-like
changes.Cancer
104:
904-911Crossref
(40)
gastric
[21.Huang
HER2
upregulation-induced
transition.Sci.
20502Crossref
(65)
docetaxel
prostate
relapse
[22.Marín-Aguilera
mediates
risk
cancer.Mol.
Ther.
13:
1270-1284Crossref
(110)
addition,
occurrence
chemoresistant
(CSCs)
bearing
(CSC+/pEMT+)
outcome
was
receiving
chemotherapy
[23.Papadaki
M.A.
al.Circulating
stemness
are
predictive
437-447Crossref
(84)
All
these
observations
indicate
primary
requisite
development
targeted
treatment
modalities
suppressing
combined
overcome
resistance.
at
level
blocking
key
factors
challenging
[24.Dang
C.V.
al.Drugging
'undruggable'
targets.Nat.
17:
502-508Crossref
(377)
We
describe
how
inhibitory
drugs,
can
EMT-associated
processes.
Cellular
regulates
biochemical
indispensable
internal
external
milieu
[25.Mouchiroud
L.
al.Transcriptional
coregulators:
fine-tuning
metabolism.Cell
Metab.
20:
26-40Abstract
(69)
cells,
particular
fine-tune
their
circuitry
meet
increased
bioenergetic
demands
encountering
complex
challenges
cellular
transit
[26.Campbell
S.L.
Wellen
K.E.
Metabolic
signaling
nucleus
71:
398-408Abstract
(80)
Scholar,27.Halldorsson
al.Metabolic
re-wiring
isogenic
lines
transition.Cancer
Lett.
396:
117-129Crossref
(37)
Therefore,
switch
would
unravel
vulnerable
therapeutic
targets.
reported
reprogramming
events
EMT.
Unsupervised
clustering
comprehensive
collection
mesenchyme-specific
subgroup
dihydropyrimidine
(DHP)
dehydrogenase
(DPYD)
enzyme-driven
production
DHPs
[28.Shaul
Y.D.
al.Dihydropyrimidine
accumulation
transition.Cell.
158:
1094-1109Abstract
(142)
A
further
study
compounds
specifically
mesenchyme-like
largely
inhibited
glutathione
peroxidase
4
(GPX4),
lipid
pathway
evade
ferroptosis,
nonapoptotic
death
[29.Viswanathan
V.S.
al.Dependency
therapy-resistant
on
pathway.Nature.
547:
453-457Crossref
(624)
rewiring
overtly
(EMT-TFs).
For
instance,
ZEB1,
transcriptional
regulator,
aids
promoting
glycosphingolipid
[30.Mathow
al.Zeb1
affects
adhesion
diverting
metabolism.EMBO
16:
321-331Crossref
(35)
Similarly,
SNAI1
repression
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
1
(FBP1)
activate
glycolysis
[31.Dong
al.Loss
FBP1
Snail-mediated
provides
advantages
basal-like
cancer.Cancer
23:
316-331Abstract
(517)
inevitable
component
cells.
described
upstream
regulator
plasticity.
when
TCA
cycle
enzyme
fumarate
hydratase
(FH)
ablated
renal
it
causes
turn
epigenetically
silences
EMT-suppressing
miRNA
miR-200
[32.Ceppi
P.
Peter
M.E.
MicroRNAs
regulate
both
cells.Oncogene.
33:
269-278Crossref
(86)
activates
EMT-TFs
[33.Sciacovelli
al.Fumarate
epigenetic
modifier
elicits
transition.Nature.
537:
544-547Crossref
(302)
nucleotide
thymidylate
synthase
(TS),
typically
involvement
proliferation,
shown
de-differentiation
DPYD-dependent
pyrimidine
catabolism
[34.Siddiqui
al.Thymidylate
maintains
de-differentiated
triple
negative
cancers.Cell
Death
Differ.
26:
2223-2236Crossref
(17)
EMT-focused
transcriptomic
analysis
elevated
levels
AKR1B1
contributing
stemness.
polyol
pathway,
two-step
aldo-keto-reductase-1
B1
(AKR1B1)
sorbitol
(SORD),
converts
excess
glucose
fructose
When
activated
glucose,
induce
autocrine
TGF-β
stimulation
[35.Schwab
al.Polyol
links
aggressiveness
cells.Cancer
78:
1604-1618Crossref
(49)
Scholar],
implicating
connection
D-2-Hydroxyglutarate,
oncometabolite
produced
glutamine
anaplerosis,
induced
ZEB1-mediated
[36.Colvin
H.
al.Oncometabolite
D-2-hydroxyglurate
directly
epithelial-mesenchymal
colorectal
cancer.Sci.
36289Crossref
(67)
branched-chain
amino
acid
metabolism,
counterpart
α-keto
kinase
(BCKDK),
[37.Tian
Q.
al.Phosphorylation
BCKDK
BCAA
Y246
Src
cancer.Oncogene.
39:
3980-3996Crossref
(12)
Collectively
findings
show
interdependent
and,
priming
exploitation
level,
effectively
targeted.
Here,
discuss
promising
pharmacological
inhibitors
enzymes
(summarized
Table
1,
Key
Table),
repurposed
revert
phenotypes.Table
1Key
Table.
List
Metabolism-Inhibiting
Drugs,
Approved
Under
Clinical
Trials,
EMT-Inhibiting
FeatureDrugTargetFDA
approval/treatment
forClinical
trial
forTrial
IDSimvastatinHMG-CoAFDA
hypolipidemiaAdvanced
rectal
cancerNCT02161822Pancreatic
cancerNCT00944463Small
cancerNCT01441349Brain
metastasisNCT02104193OlaparibPARPFDA
cancerMetastatic
carcinomaNCT03786796DisulfiramALDH1FDA
alcoholismMetastatic
cancerNCT03323346CTC/EMT
cancerNCT04265274EtodolacCOX-2FDA
pain
inflammationColorectal
metastasisNCT03919461Metastatic
cancerNCT03838029SuraminHeparanaseTreatment
trypanosomiasisAutismNCT02508259Prostate
cancerNCT00002881Advanced
solid
tumorsNCT00003038NSCLCNCT00066768RolipramPDE4Treatment
depressionMultiple
sclerosisNCT00011375L-NAMEiNOSCardiovascularNCT03684213CardiovascularNCT03679780L-NMMAMultiple
cancersNCT03236935Metastatic
TNBCNCT028344032-DGGlycolysisAdvanced
tumorsNCT00096707AscorbateVitamin
CResectable
metastaticNCT03146962Pancreatic
cancerNCT02905578Malignant
tumorsNCT04033107
Open
table
new
tab
Below
highlight
importance
repositioning
FDA-approved
under-trial
inhibition
mitigate
(Figure
1).
Given
potential
inclusion
criterion
EMT-guided
selection
trials
additional
benefit
outcome.
tabulated
list
(Table
1)
demonstrates
metabolism-centered
represent
valuable
resource
future
Activation
TGF-β,
Wnt,
Notch
strongly
[38.Thiery
J.P.
Sleeman
Complex
networks
orchestrate
transitions.Nat.
Cell
Biol.
2006;
7:
131-142Crossref
(3152)
rewire
mediate
process.
increasing
phosphodiesterase
(PDE4),
conversion
cAMP
AMP
pool
[39.Kolosionek
al.Expression
activity
isoforms
transition:
4.Mol.
4751-4765Crossref
(77)
Rolipram,
selective
inhibitor
PDE4
anticancer
antipsychotic
effects
[40.Goldhoff
al.Targeted
cyclic
phosphodiesterase-4
brain
regression.Clin.
2008;
7717-7725Crossref
(103)
Scholar,41.Wiescholleck
V.
Manahan-Vaughan
enhances
hippocampal
synaptic
vivo
rescues
MK801-induced
impairment
long-term
potentiation
object
recognition
memory
animal
model
psychosis.Transl.
Psychiatry.
2012;
2e89Crossref
attenuated
TGF-β-induced
PDE4-mediated
SMAD-independent
manner
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
Pretreatment
rolipram
followed
TGF-β1
showed
increase
markers
(E-cadherin
cytokeratin-18)
decrease
marker
(fibronectin)
transcript
protein
level.
Interestingly,
chemopreventive
effect
preventing
[42.Yeo
C.D.
al.Chemopreventive
phosphodieasterase-4
benzo(a)pyrene-induced
murine
model.Exp.
Lung
40:
500-506Crossref
(16)
Similar
rolipram,
abrogated
simvastatin,
competitive
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme
(HMG-CoA)
reductase
used
hyperlipidemia
[43.Yang
al.Simvastatin
attenuates
TGF-β1-induced
alveolar
cells.Cell.
Physiol.
Biochem.
31:
863-874Crossref
Scholar,44.Wang
G.
arrest
inhibits
proliferation
bladder
via
PPARγ
signalling
pathway.Sci.
35783Crossref
(72)
simvastatin
downregulation
biomarker
vimentin
upregulation
E-cadherin
[44.Wang
mesenchyme-associated
proteins
β-catenin
reduced
invasion
were
lines.
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC)
given
statin
medication
before
undergoing
surgery
found
lower
CXCR4,
c-Met,
PDAC
tissues
compared
without
[45.Yin
Y.
sonic
hedgehog
426:
14-24Crossref
(20)
Further,
improved
overall
high-grade
serous
ovarian
[46.Kato
interferes
'stem-cell'
reducing
cancer.Endocr.
Relat.
25:
821-836Crossref
(27)
Various
Phase
II
stages
carcinoma
ongoing
standalone
combinatorial
drug.
Interactions
tumor-associated
stroma
play
vital
triggering
example,
polysaccharide
heparan
sulphate,
cleavage
processing
heparanase,
remodels
extracellular
matrix
bioavailability
growth
[47.Masola
al.Heparanase
player
fibrosis
regulating
activity.Biochim.
Biophys.
Acta.
1843:
2122-2128Crossref
(50)
Selective
heparanase
suramin
mitigated
signet-ring
(Slug,
vimentin,
α-SMA)
along
[48.Shah
al.The
close
relationship
adenocarcinoma.Oncotarget.
9:
33778-33787Crossref
(11)
Suramin
widely
African
trypanosomiasis,
randomized
autism
disorder
[49.Naviaux
R.K.
al.Low-dose
disorder:
small,
I/II,
trial.Ann.
Transl.
Neurol.
4:
491-505Crossref
I/II
prior
taxanes
well-tolerated
treated
non-cytotoxic
doses
combination
weekly
paclitaxel
[50.Lustberg
M.B.
al.Phase
taxanes.Cancer
Chemother.
Pharmacol.
70:
49-56Crossref
(22)
Nitric
oxide
functions
pro-
antitumorigenic
factor,
nitric
(NOS)
L-arginine
[51.Burke
A.J.
yin
yang
progression.Carcinogenesis.
34:
503-512Crossref
(247)
triple-negative
(TNBC),
endogenous
inducible
NOS
(iNOS)
potent
iNOS-specific
(1400W)
pan-NOS
(L-NAME
L-NMMA)
EMT-TFs,
Snail,
Slug,
Twist,
deregulated
interconnected
HIF-1α,
ER
stress,
TGF-β/ATF3/ATF4
axis.
tumor-initiating
capacity
CSCs
[52.Granados-Principal
al.Inhibition
iNOS
effective
therapy
against
cancer.Breast
25Crossref
(128)
While
clinically
L-NMMA
cause
acute
blood
pressure
elevation,
administration
amlodipine
regimen
orthotopic
mouse
models
TNBC
convincingly
elevation
L-NMMA.
growth,
docetaxel-treated
group.
accordance
this,
sensitivity
patient-derived
xenograft
(PDX)
[53.Dávila-González
al.Pharmacological
ASK1/JNK
augmenting
docetaxel-mediated
apoptosis
cancer.Clin.
24:
1152-1162Crossref
test
L-NAME
treating
cardiovascular
diseases
respectively
Vitamin
activity,
ascorbate
having
selectivity
towards
normal
[54.Ma
al.High-dose
parenteral
chemosensitivity
toxicity
chemotherapy.Sci.
6222ra18Crossref
(273)
Intravenous
potentially
greater
than
oral
counterpart,
[55.Alexander
M.S.
al.Pharmacologic
reduces
radiation-induced
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B.G.
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I
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temozolomide
newly
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6590-6597Crossref
(29)
57.Magrì
vitamin
C
immunotherapy.Sci.
12eaay8707Crossref
high-dose
intravenous
able
inhibit
agent
gemcitabine
mice
xenografts.
Pharmacological-level
concentrations
deplete
NAD+
selectively
leading
depletion
ATP
content.
simultaneous
acetylation
α-tubulin
occurs
content,
disruption
microtubule
dynamics
thereby
inhibiting
motility
mode
still
needs
investigations.
I/IIa
[58.Polireddy
K.
al.High
dose
metastasis:
study.Sci.
17188Crossref
(71)
other
enzyme-related
contribute
tumors
drug-resistant
poly-ADP-ribose
(PAR)
polymerase
(PARP)
catalyzes
synthesis
PAR
NAD+.
Targeting
PARP
inhibitor,
olaparib,
impede
mammary
gland
although
precise
mechanism
olaparib
action
uncovered
[59.Schacke
al.PARP-1/2
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Olaparib
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NCT03786796).
aldehyde
1A1
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EMT/CSC
this
reverted
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[60.Lei
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xenografts,
continuous
disulfiram
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blocked
no
measurable
toxicity.
Inhibition
ALDH1A1
overcame
resistance-induced
prolonged
Acquisition
ALDH1A1-induced
dependent
ROS
(RCS)
SOD2
GPX4,
respectively,
down
Language: Английский
IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2019
Abstract
Activation
of
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress/the
unfolded
protein
response
(UPR)
has
been
linked
to
cancer,
but
the
molecular
mechanisms
are
poorly
understood
and
there
is
a
paucity
reagents
translate
this
for
cancer
therapy.
Here,
we
report
that
an
IRE1α
RNase-specific
inhibitor,
MKC8866,
strongly
inhibits
prostate
(PCa)
tumor
growth
as
monotherapy
in
multiple
preclinical
models
mice
shows
synergistic
antitumor
effects
with
current
PCa
drugs.
Interestingly,
global
transcriptomic
analysis
reveal
IRE1α-XBP1s
pathway
activity
required
c-MYC
signaling,
one
most
highly
activated
oncogenic
pathways
PCa.
XBP1s
necessary
optimal
mRNA
expression,
establishing,
first
time,
direct
link
between
UPR
oncogene
activation.
In
addition,
XBP1-specific
gene
expression
signature
associated
prognosis.
Our
data
establish
signaling
central
indicate
its
targeting
may
offer
novel
treatment
strategies.
Language: Английский