Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 13, 2018

The vagus nerve represents the main component of parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array crucial bodily functions, including control mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. It establishes one connections between brain gastrointestinal tract sends information about state inner organs to via afferent fibers. In this review article, we discuss various functions make it an attractive target in treating psychiatric disorders. There is preliminary evidence that stimulation promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments increase vagal tone inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism resiliency. fibers gut influences monoaminergic systems stem play roles major conditions, such as mood anxiety line, there bacteria have beneficial effect on anxiety, partly by affecting activity nerve. Since, correlated with capacity regulate responses can be influenced breathing, its through meditation yoga likely contribute resilience mitigation symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Anxiety Disorders are Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: July 11, 2014

Anxiety disorders increase risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, even after controlling for confounds including smoking, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, irrespective a history medical disorders. While impaired vagal function, indicated by reductions in heart rate variability (HRV), may be one mechanism linking anxiety to CVD, prior studies have reported inconsistent findings highlighting the need meta-analysis.Studies comparing resting-state HRV recordings patients with an disorder as primary diagnosis healthy controls were considered meta-analysis.Meta-analyses based on 36 articles, 2086 2294 controls. Overall, characterized lower [high frequency (HF): Hedges' g = -0.29. 95% CI: -0.41 -0.17, p < 0.001; time domain: -0.45, -0.57 -0.33, 0.001] than Panic (n 447), post-traumatic stress 192), generalized 68), social 90), but not obsessive-compulsive 40), displayed HF relative (all ps 0.001).Anxiety are associated reduced HRV, small-to-moderate effect size. Findings important implications physical health well-being patients, comprehensive reduction.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammation

Current Diabetes Reports, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 435 - 444

Published: March 13, 2013

Language: Английский

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Resolution of Inflammation: What Controls Its Onset?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 26, 2016

An effective resolution program may be able to prevent the progression from non-resolving acute inflammation persistent chronic inflammation. It has now become evident that coordinated programs initiate shortly after inflammatory responses begin. In this context, several mechanisms provide fine-tuning of and create a favorable environment for phase take place homeostasis return. review, we focus on events required an transition proinflammatory onset establishment resolution. We suggest mediators promote can simultaneously active Indeed, enact decrease in local chemokine concentration, reduction which is essential inhibit further infiltration neutrophils into tissue. Interestingly, although are cells characteristically participate inflammation, they also contribute Further understanding molecular instrumental develop pro-resolution strategies treat complex diseases humans. The efforts based have shaped new area pharmacology referred as 'resolution pharmacology'.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance of Neuro-immune Communication

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 927 - 942

Published: June 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Wireless Recording in the Peripheral Nervous System with Ultrasonic Neural Dust

Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 91(3), P. 529 - 539

Published: Aug. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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The relationship between mental and physical health: Insights from the study of heart rate variability

International Journal of Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 89(3), P. 288 - 296

Published: June 22, 2013

Language: Английский

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Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 156 - 166

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Molecular and Functional Neuroscience in Immunity

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 783 - 812

Published: April 20, 2018

The nervous system regulates immunity and inflammation. molecular detection of pathogen fragments, cytokines, other immune molecules by sensory neurons generates immunoregulatory responses through efferent autonomic neuron signaling. functional organization this neural control is based on principles reflex regulation. Reflexes involving the vagus nerve nerves have been therapeutically explored in models inflammatory autoimmune conditions, recently clinical settings. brain integrates neuro-immune communication, function altered diseases characterized peripheral dysregulation Here we review anatomical basis interface with immunity, focusing functions role model immunological homunculus. Clinical advances stemming from knowledge within framework bioelectronic medicine are also briefly outlined.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage Activation and Polarization as an Adaptive Component of Innate Immunity

Advances in immunology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 163 - 184

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Language: Английский

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