The Versatile Tanycyte: A Hypothalamic Integrator of Reproduction and Energy Metabolism

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 333 - 368

Published: Jan. 17, 2018

The fertility and survival of an individual rely on the ability periphery to promptly, effectively, reproducibly communicate with brain neural networks that control reproduction, food intake, energy homeostasis. Tanycytes, a specialized glial cell type lining wall third ventricle in median eminence hypothalamus, appear act as linchpin these processes by dynamically controlling secretion neuropeptides into portal vasculature hypothalamic neurons regulating blood-brain blood–cerebrospinal fluid exchanges, both depend cells adapt their morphology physiological state individual. In addition barrier properties, tanycytes possess sense blood glucose levels, play fundamental active role shuttling circulating metabolic signals intake. Moreover, accumulating data suggest that, keeping putative descent from radial cells, are endowed stem properties may respond dietary or reproductive cues modulating neurogenesis. Tanycytes could thus constitute missing link loop connecting behavior, hormonal changes, signal transduction, central neuronal activation and, finally, behavior again. this article, we will examine recent advances understanding tanycytic plasticity function hypothalamus underlying molecular mechanisms. We also discuss involvement therapeutic potential disorders.

Language: Английский

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Engineering 2D Mesoporous Silica@MXene‐Integrated 3D‐Printing Scaffolds for Combinatory Osteosarcoma Therapy and NO‐Augmented Bone Regeneration

Small, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(14)

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

The rising concerns of the recurrence and bone deficiency in surgical treatment malignant tumors have raised an urgent need advance multifunctional therapeutic platforms for efficient tumor therapy regeneration. Herein, construction a biomaterial system is reported by integration 2D Nb2 C MXene wrapped with S-nitrosothiol (RSNO)-grafted mesoporous silica 3D-printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds (MBS). near infrared (NIR)-triggered photonic hyperthermia NIR-II biowindow precisely controlled nitric oxide (NO) release are coordinated multitarget ablation to enhance localized osteosarcoma treatment. situ formed phosphorus calcium components degraded from BG scaffold promote bone-regeneration bioactivity, augmented sufficient blood supply triggered on-demand NO release. tunable generation plays crucial role sequential adjuvant ablation, combinatory promotion coupled vascularization, This study demonstrates full osseous regeneration as enabled implantation MBS. design specific features controllable release, highly photothermal conversion, stimulatory provides intriguing platform diversified tumors.

Language: Английский

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Biomedical Applications of MXene‐Integrated Composites: Regenerative Medicine, Infection Therapy, Cancer Treatment, and Biosensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(34)

Published: June 24, 2022

Abstract MXenes (viz., transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides) have emerged as a new subclass of 2D materials. Due to their outstanding physicochemical biological properties, gained much attention in the biomedical field recent years, including drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, biosensing. Additionally, incorporation into hydrogels has garnered significant interest engineering an electroactive mechanical nanoreinforcer capable converting nonconductive scaffolds excellent conductors electricity with impressive effect on properties for organs tissues such cardiac, skeletal muscle, nerve. However, many questions problems remain unresolved that need be answered usher these materials toward true destiny. Thus, this review paper aims provide overview design applications MXene‐integrated composites applications, cardiac tissue engineering, wound healing, infection therapy, cancer biosensors. Moreover, current challenges limitations utilizing vivo are highlighted discussed, followed by its prospects guideline possible various futuristic applications. This article will inspire researchers, who search opportunities, using nanomaterial

Language: Английский

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Connecting metabolism and gonadal function: Novel central neuropeptide pathways involved in the metabolic control of puberty and fertility

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 37 - 49

Published: July 25, 2017

Language: Английский

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Obesity, Neuroinflammation, and Reproductive Function

Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 160(11), P. 2719 - 2736

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Abstract The increasing occurrence of obesity has become a significant public health concern. Individuals with have higher prevalence heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and reproductive disorders. Reproductive problems include menstrual irregularities, pregnancy complications, infertility due to anovulation, in women, lower testosterone diminished sperm count, men. In particular, women reduced levels both gonadotropin hormones, and, obese men, is accompanied by LH. Taken together, these findings indicate central dysregulation the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, specifically at level GnRH neuron function, which final brain output for regulation reproduction. Obesity state hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia, chronic inflammation. Herein, we review recent advances our understanding how metabolic immune changes affect hypothalamic function neurons. latter part, focus on neuroinflammation as major consequence discuss that reveal neurons are uniquely positioned respond inflammatory changes.

Language: Английский

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The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 101567 - 101567

Published: May 15, 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological pathophysiological processes. In conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation proliferation of neurons. It also synaptic activity, plasticity vesicle trafficking. affects cellular through protein S-nitrosylation, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification cysteine thiols (SNO). SNO can affect protein-protein interaction localization. Numerous studies have shown excessive lead to nitrosative stress nervous system, contributing neuropathology. this review, we summarize progression neurodevelopmental, psychiatric neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We provide mechanistic insights into contribution diverse brain disorders. Finally, suggest pharmacological agents inhibit or augment production as well new approaches modulate formation SNO-proteins serve promising approach for treatment

Language: Английский

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The special relationship: glia–neuron interactions in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 25 - 44

Published: Oct. 27, 2017

Language: Английский

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Targeted Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors for Migraine

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 391 - 401

Published: March 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and neurodegenerative disorders

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects, therapeutic value, central physiological roles. NO is one of the most regulators pathophysiological condition in nervous system (CNS). It critical various functioning brain; however, beyond certain concentration/level, it toxic. H2S was regarded toxic gas smell like rotten egg. But, now emerging neuroprotectant neuromodulator. Recently, use donors inhibitors these helped us to identify their accurate precise biological effects. The abundant neurotransmitter CNS (glutamate) initiator reaction that forms NO, highly expressed brain. These are shedding light on pathogenesis neurological disorders. This review mainly focused importance for normal CNS.

Language: Английский

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NO as a multimodal transmitter in the brain: discovery and current status

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 176(2), P. 197 - 211

Published: Nov. 7, 2018

NO operates throughout the brain as an intercellular messenger, initiating its varied physiological effects by activating specialized GC‐coupled receptors, resulting in formation of cGMP. In line with widespread expression this pathway, participates numerous different functions. This review gives account discovery a signalling molecule brain, experiments that originated search for mysterious cGMP‐stimulating factor released from central neurones when their NMDA receptors were stimulated, and summarizes subsequent key steps helped establish status transmitter. Currently, various modes operation are viewed to underlie diverse behaviour, ranging very local between synaptic partners (in orthograde or retrograde directions) volume‐type transmission whereby synthesized multiple synchronous sources summate spatially temporally influence intermingled neuronal non‐neuronal cells, irrespective anatomical connectivity. Linked Articles article is part themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years 1998 Nobel Prize. To view other articles visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc

Language: Английский

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