Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 3, 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. The majority miRNAs transcribed from genes into primary and processed precursor finally mature miRNAs. In most cases, interact with the 3' UTR target mRNAs to induce mRNA degradation translational repression. However, interaction other regions, including 5' UTR, coding sequence, promoters, have also been reported. Under certain conditions, can activate translation or regulate transcription. their is dynamic dependent on many factors, such as subcellular location miRNAs, abundancy mRNAs, affinity miRNA-mRNA interactions. be secreted extracellular fluids transported cells via vesicles, exosomes, by binding proteins, Argonautes. Extracellular function chemical messengers mediate cell-cell communication. this review, we provide an update canonical non-canonical miRNA biogenesis pathways various mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated regulations. We summarize current knowledge dynamics action secretion, transfer, uptake

Language: Английский

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Metazoan MicroRNAs

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 173(1), P. 20 - 51

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 141(4), P. 1202 - 1207

Published: Oct. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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Regulation of microRNA function in animals

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 21 - 37

Published: Aug. 14, 2018

Language: Английский

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Non-coding RNA networks in cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 5 - 18

Published: Nov. 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and its crosstalk with other cellular pathways

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 5 - 20

Published: Sept. 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA in Control of Gene Expression: An Overview of Nuclear Functions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1712 - 1712

Published: Oct. 13, 2016

The finding that small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are able to control gene expression in a sequence specific manner has had massive impact on biology. Recent improvements high throughput sequencing and computational prediction methods have allowed the discovery classification of several types ncRNAs. Based their precursor structures, biogenesis pathways modes action, ncRNAs classified as interfering (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting (piRNAs), endogenous (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs), promoter associate (pRNAs), nucleolar (snoRNAs) sno-derived RNAs. Among these, miRNAs appear important cytoplasmic regulators expression. act post-transcriptional messenger RNA (mRNA) targets via mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. However, it is becoming evident also nuclear functions. most studied debated activity miRNA-guided transcriptional Although available data detail quite precisely effectors this activity, mechanisms by which identify transcription still matter debate. Here, we focus functions alternative target recognition, at lavel, carrying out silencing.

Language: Английский

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The biochemical basis of microRNA targeting efficacy

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6472)

Published: Dec. 6, 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act within Argonaute proteins to guide repression of messenger RNA targets. Although various approaches have provided insight into target recognition, the sparsity miRNA-target affinity measurements has limited understanding and prediction targeting efficacy. Here, we adapted bind-n-seq enable measurement relative binding affinities between Argonaute-miRNA complexes all sequences ≤12 nucleotides in length. This approach revealed noncanonical sites specific each miRNA, miRNA-specific differences canonical target-site affinities, a 100-fold impact dinucleotides flanking site. These data enabled construction biochemical model miRNA-mediated repression, which was extended miRNA using convolutional neural network. substantially improved cellular thereby providing basis for quantitatively integrating miRNAs gene-regulatory networks.

Language: Английский

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miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 276 - 276

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs with the main roles regulating mRNA through its degradation and adjusting protein levels. In recent years, extraordinary progress has been made in terms identifying origin exact functions miRNA, focusing on their potential use both research clinical field. This review aims at improving current understanding these molecules applicability medical A thorough analysis literature consulting resources available online databases such as NCBI, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, UpToDate was performed. There is promising evidence that spite lack standardized protocols regarding miRNAs practice, they constitute reliable tool for future use. These meet most required criteria being an ideal biomarker, accessibility, high specificity, sensitivity. Despite present limitations, biomarkers various conditions remain impressive As techniques evolve, we anticipate will become routine approach development personalized patient profiles, thus permitting more specific therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Reversible methylation of m6Am in the 5′ cap controls mRNA stability

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 541(7637), P. 371 - 375

Published: Dec. 20, 2016

Language: Английский

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