Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(15), P. 3239 - 3239

Published: July 22, 2021

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are most common manifestation CVD. The explicit mechanisms not well-understood. seems that genetics and plethora environmental agents play role in development progression exposure these factors leads altered hemodynamics system, described ambulatory hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, wall remodeling, epigenetic variations, even with systemic implications. Thus, proper management patients CVD essential prevent potential harms disease, which also entails significant loss quality life individuals. Hence, aim present review collect current knowledge CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, but emphasizing pathophysiology medical care patients, diagnosis, treatments. Furthermore, future directions will be covered this work order provide fields explore context

Language: Английский

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Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1469 - 1469

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as novel class drugs. This led to substantial investments interdisciplinary research fields such biology, chemistry, medical science for development miRNA-based therapies. Furthermore, recent global success SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 pandemic further revitalized RNA-based immunotherapies, including approaches treatment. Consequently, RNA therapeutics have emerged highly adaptable modular options therapy. Moreover, advancements chemistry delivery methods been pivotal shaping landscape immunotherapy, approaches. biotechnology pharmaceutical industry witnessed resurgence incorporating immunotherapies miRNA into programs. Despite progress preclinical research, field remains its early stages, with only few progressing clinical development, none reaching phase III trials or being approved by US Food Drug Administration (FDA), several facing termination due toxicity issues. These setbacks highlight existing challenges that must be addressed broad application therapeutics. Key include establishing sensitivity, specificity, selectivity towards intended targets, mitigating immunogenic reactions off-target effects, developing enhanced targeted delivery, determining optimal dosing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Additionally, limited understanding precise functions miRNAs limits utilization. viable treatment, they technically economically feasible widespread adoption As result, thorough risk evaluation is crucial minimize prevent overdosing, address other Nevertheless, diseases evident, future investigations are essential determine applicability settings.

Language: Английский

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Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 15, 2022

Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, systemic toxicity within body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical biological properties, form need hour. In this context, smart serve as promising solution, they can be activated under exogenous or endogenous stimuli such pH, temperature, enzymes, a particular molecule. The properties make them ideal candidates various applications biosensors, drug release, treatment diseases. Recently, nanomaterial-based theranostic approaches have been developed, are displaying selectivity sensitivity reduced side-effects comparison conventional methods. therapy, nanomaterials-system only activates response tumor microenvironment (TME) deactivated state normal cells, which further reduces toxicities. present review aims describe stimulus-based classification nanomaterials, microenvironment-responsive behaviour, their up-to-date theranostics. Besides, addresses development advantages diagnosing treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about targeting sustained release from nanocarriers, different types engineered intent. Additionally, challenges prospects effective therapeutics discussed.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA let-7 and viral infections: focus on mechanisms of action

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of several critical cellular processes, a number which involved in host defense mechanisms. In particular, miRNA let-7 functions as an essential regulator the function and differentiation both innate adaptive immune cells. Let-7 is human diseases, including cancer viral infections. Several infections have found ways to dysregulate expression miRNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EV) membrane-bound lipid structures released from many types cells that can transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, let-7. After their release, EVs taken up by recipient contents into cytoplasm. Let-7-loaded been suggested affect pathways biological targets cells, modulate replication, antiviral response, action cancer-related viruses. present review, we summarize available knowledge concerning family members, functions, target genes, mechanistic involvement pathogenesis defense. This may provide insight development new therapeutic strategies manage

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 2679 - 2757

Published: June 29, 2023

Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of “work-induced hypertrophy” in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance myonuclear accretion, postexercise elevations protein synthesis rates. However, several lines past emerging evidence suggest additional feed into or are independent these processes also involved. This review first provides a historical account how mechanistic has progressed. A comprehensive list associated with is then outlined, areas disagreement involving presented. Finally, future directions many discussed proposed.

Language: Английский

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The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(10), P. 6975 - 7015

Published: May 9, 2022

In the past decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit many physiological roles of RNA for use medicine. With rapid success development lipid–RNA nanoparticles mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 with several approved RNA-based drugs, catapulted forefront drug research. diverse functions beyond role producing antigens or therapeutic proteins, classes serve regulatory cells tissues. These RNAs have potential as new therapeutics, itself serving either target. Here, based on CAS Content Collection, we provide landscape view current state outline trends research medicine across time, geography, pipelines, chemical modifications, delivery mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Circulating microRNAs in Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3996 - 3996

Published: April 3, 2022

Circulating microRNAs (c-microRNAs, c-miRNAs), which are present in almost all biological fluids, promising sensitive biomarkers for various diseases (oncological and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies, etc.), their signatures accurately reflect the state of body. Studies expression microRNA markers show that they can enable a wide range to be diagnosed before clinical symptoms manifested, help assess patient’s response therapy order correct personalize treatments. This review discusses latest trends uses miRNAs diagnosing treating viral non-viral. It is concluded exogenous used as high-precision therapeutic agents these purposes.

Language: Английский

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The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of endometrial cancer: a spotlight on the convergence of signaling pathways

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 154411 - 154411

Published: March 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of human central nervous system: A focus on neurodegenerative diseases

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 102090 - 102090

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Exploring ncRNA-mediated regulation of EGFR signalling in glioblastoma: From mechanisms to therapeutics

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 345, P. 122613 - 122613

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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