Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 491 - 502

Published: June 14, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 705 - 715

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health

BMJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. k2179 - k2179

Published: June 13, 2018

Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and healthAna M Valdes colleagues discuss strategies for modulating

Language: Английский

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Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 172 - 184

Published: Feb. 6, 2017

The gastrointestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, and there is increasing interest utilizing dietary approaches to modulate the composition metabolic function of microbial communities that colonize tract improve prevent or treat disease. One strategy for modulating consumption fiber prebiotics can be metabolized by microbes tract. Human alimentary enzymes are not able digest most complex carbohydrates plant polysaccharides. Instead, these polysaccharides which generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, butyrate. This article reviews current knowledge impact prebiotic on microbiota, effects physiochemical properties carbohydrates, adequate intake treatment dosages, phenotypic responses related microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 28, 2016

With the increasing amount of evidence linking certain disorders human body to a disturbed gut microbiota, there is growing interest for compounds that positively influence its composition and activity through diet. Besides consumption probiotics stimulate favorable bacterial communities in gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (ITF) arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) can be consumed increase number bifidobacteria colon. Several functions have been attributed bifidobacteria, encompassing degradation non-digestible carbohydrates, protection against pathogens, production vitamin B, antioxidants, conjugated linoleic acids, stimulation immune system. During life, numbers decrease from up 90 % total colon microbiota vaginally delivered breast-fed infants < 5 adults they even more elderly well patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome, obesity, allergies, regressive autism. It has suggested bifidogenic effects ITF AXOS are result strain-specific yet complementary carbohydrate mechanisms within cooperating bifidobacterial consortia. Except effect, also shown cause butyrogenic effect colon, i.e., an enhancement butyrate production. Butyrate essential metabolite it preferred energy source epithelial cells, contributes maintenance barrier functions, immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. cross-feeding interactions between butyrate-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (clostridial cluster IV) Anaerostipes, Eubacterium Roseburia species XIVa). These kinds possibly favor co-existence strains other bacteria

Language: Английский

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Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications

Foods, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 92 - 92

Published: March 9, 2019

Prebiotics are a group of nutrients that degraded by gut microbiota. Their relationship with human overall health has been an area increasing interest in recent years. They can feed the intestinal microbiota, and their degradation products short-chain fatty acids released into blood circulation, consequently, affecting not only gastrointestinal tracts but also other distant organs. Fructo-oligosaccharides galacto-oligosaccharides two important groups prebiotics beneficial effects on health. Since low quantities fructo-oligosaccharides naturally exist foods, scientists attempting to produce industrial scale. Considering benefits safety, as well production storage advantages compared probiotics, they seem be fascinating candidates for promoting condition replacement or association probiotics. This review discusses different aspects prebiotics, including crucial role well-being.

Language: Английский

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Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 14, 2015

The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only understanding pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, but also their treatment. Thus its influence on host barrier function is positioned to be critical node within brain-gut axis. Mounting preclinical evidence broadly suggests that microbiota can modulate brain development, behavior by immune, endocrine neural pathways brain-gut-microbiota Detailed mechanistic insights explaining these specific interactions currently underdeveloped. However, concept "leaky gut" may facilitate communication key signaling has gained traction. Deficits intestinal permeability underpin chronic low-grade inflammation observed disorders such depression plays role regulating permeability. In this review we will discuss played maintaining CNS consequences when it becomes disrupted. We draw both clinical support well features which necessary normal function.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 15, 2016

Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are among first microbes to colonize human gastrointestinal tract and believed exert positive health benefits on their host. Due purported health-promoting properties, bifidobacteria have been incorporated into many functional foods as active ingredients. Bifidobacteria naturally occur in a range ecological niches that either directly or indirectly connected animal tract, such oral cavity, insect gut sewage. To be able survive these particular niches, must possess specific adaptations competitive. Determination genome sequences has revealed genetic attributes may explain bifidobacterial fitness, metabolic abilities, evasion host adaptive immune system colonization through appendages. However, modification is crucial toward fully elucidating mechanisms by which abilities beneficial properties. In this review we provide an up date summary general features bifidobacteria, whilst paying attention species. We also describe methods allowed successful manipulation bifidobacteria.

Language: Английский

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Recovery of gut microbiota of healthy adults following antibiotic exposure

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 1255 - 1265

Published: Oct. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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