Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 233(9), P. 6425 - 6440

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype functions regulated by the surrounding micro-environment. commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) Classically activated or M1 macrophages, which pro-inflammatory polarized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone association with Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, produce interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α; 2) Alternatively M2 anti-inflammatory immunoregulatory Th2 IL-4 IL-13 IL-10 TGF-β. macrophages have different transcriptional profiles. They unique abilities destroying pathogens repair inflammation-associated injury. It is known that M1/M2 macrophage balance polarization governs fate of an organ inflammation When infection severe enough to affect organ, first exhibit release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-23 against stimulus. But, if phase continues, it can cause tissue damage. Therefore, secrete high amounts TGF-β suppress inflammation, contribute repair, remodeling, vasculogenesis, retain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss basic biology including origin, differentiation activation, distribution, plasticity polarization, migration, antigen presentation capacity, cytokine chemokine production, metabolism, involvement microRNAs function. Secondly, protective pathogenic role subsets normal pathological pregnancy, anti-microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease obesity, asthma allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, autoimmunity.

Language: Английский

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Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 131 - 143

Published: Dec. 8, 2013

Language: Английский

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M1 and M2 Macrophages: Oracles of Health and Disease

Critical Reviews in Immunology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 463 - 488

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

The purpose of immunology is simple. Cure or prevent disease. M1/M2 useful because it describes the two major and opposing activities macrophages. M1 activity inhibits cell proliferation causes tissue damage while M2 promotes repair. Remarkably, molecules primarily responsible for these "Fight" (NO) "Fix" (Ornithine) both arise from arginine, via enzymatic pathways (iNOS arginase) that down regulate each other. names were chosen macrophages promote Th1 Th2 responses, respectively. Products responses (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-4) also M1activity, Thus, demonstrated importance Innate Immunity how linked to Adaptive in a beautifully counterbalanced system. "Civilization" increased longevity present new disease challenges such as cancer atherosclerosis do not display classical "foreign" antigens. And, diseases are often associated with (or caused by) M1- M2- type formerly fighting infections, but now inappropriate our increasingly "germ-free" societies. In turn, there considerable potential modulating modern achieve better health. Finally, since Th2) work concert produce characteristic immune pathologies, recommended Immune Type 1 2 (IT1, IT2) would be simpler unifying terminology going forward.

Language: Английский

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Microglia Regulate the Number of Neural Precursor Cells in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 33(10), P. 4216 - 4233

Published: March 6, 2013

Neurogenesis must be properly regulated to ensure that cell production does not exceed the requirements of growing cerebral cortex, yet our understanding mechanisms restrain neuron remains incomplete. We investigated function microglial cells in developing cortex prenatal and postnatal macaques rats show microglia limit cortical neurons by phagocytosing neural precursor cells. selectively colonize proliferative zones phagocytose as neurogenesis nears completion. found deactivating utero with tetracyclines or eliminating from fetal liposomal clodronate significantly increased number cells, while activating through maternal immune activation decreased These data demonstrate play a fundamental role regulating size pool expanding regulate development. Furthermore, suggest any factor alters state can profoundly affect development behavioral outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB and GnRH

Nature, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 497(7448), P. 211 - 216

Published: May 1, 2013

Language: Английский

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Glia and epilepsy: excitability and inflammation

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 174 - 184

Published: Jan. 5, 2013

Language: Английский

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In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 44(23), P. 8576 - 8607

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

This review discusses the physiochemical parameters, hindering translation of iron oxide nanoparticles to clinics, using most recentin vivobiodistribution, clearance and toxicity studies.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Glia in the Spinal Cord in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain

Handbook of experimental pharmacology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 145 - 170

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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The biphasic function of microglia in ischemic stroke

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 247 - 272

Published: Feb. 2, 2016

Language: Английский

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Neuroimmunology of Traumatic Brain Injury: Time for a Paradigm Shift

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1246 - 1265

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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