Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 63(7), P. e147 - e195

Published: Aug. 10, 2016

The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development this guideline treatment drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by European Respiratory US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from Academy Pediatrics, Canadian International Union Against Lung Disease, World Health Organization participated in guideline. This provides recommendations on clinical public health management tuberculosis children adults settings mycobacterial cultures, molecular phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed discussion an expert committee according to Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluation methodology. Given implications prompt diagnosis effective empiric multidrug initiated almost situations active suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence comorbidities, severity disease, response influence decisions. Specific use case strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen dosing selection (daily vs intermittent), HIV infection (duration timing initiation antiretroviral well extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial sites) provided. more potent better-tolerated regimens, optimization exposure component drugs, optimal special populations, identification accurate biomarkers effect, assessment new implementing regimens field remain key priority areas research. See full-text online version document detailed practice.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation in AKI

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 371 - 379

Published: Nov. 12, 2015

Inflammation is a complex biologic response that essential for eliminating microbial pathogens and repairing tissue after injury. AKI associates with intrarenal systemic inflammation; thus, improved understanding of the cellular molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory has high potential identifying effective therapies to prevent or ameliorate AKI. In past decade, much knowledge been generated about fundamental inflammation. Experimental work in small animal models revealed many details occurs within kidney typical causes AKI, including insights into signals released by dying cells, role pattern recognition receptors, diverse subtypes resident recruited immune phased transition from destructive reparative Although this expansion basic base increased number mechanistically relevant targets intervention, progress developing improve outcomes modulation inflammation remains slow. article, we summarize most important recent developments highlight key limitations commonly used clinical trial designs may successful application, suggest priority approaches research toward translation area.

Language: Английский

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Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 383 - 401

Published: May 23, 2016

Language: Английский

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Organ and tissue fibrosis: Molecular signals, cellular mechanisms and translational implications

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 2 - 15

Published: June 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Immune cells in experimental acute kidney injury

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 88 - 101

Published: Oct. 21, 2014

Language: Английский

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 16 - 36

Published: June 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal immune zonation of the human kidney

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6460), P. 1461 - 1466

Published: Sept. 26, 2019

Immune landscape of the human kidney Single-cell RNA sequencing has begun to shed light on full cellular diversity specific organs. However, these studies rarely examine organ-specific immune cells. Stewart et al. sequenced healthy adult and fetal samples at a single-cell level define heterogeneity in epithelial, myeloid, lymphoid From this dataset, they identified zonation cells, with relevance disease varied perturbations that occur different tumor settings. This profiling generates comprehensive census existing cell populations will help inform diagnosis treatment kidney-related diseases. Science , issue p. 1461

Language: Английский

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Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with ESKD and COVID-19

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1409 - 1415

Published: May 28, 2020

Significance Statement Immunosuppression and a high prevalence of comorbidities among patients with ESKD on dialysis raise concerns that such may have an elevated risk severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the outcomes for COVID-19 in this patient population are not clear. In their study 59 receiving at New York City medical center, authors found although presentation was similar to general population, these poor outcomes, including 31% overall mortality 75% those requiring mechanical ventilation. addition, higher levels inflammatory markers associated disease. This information will help inform care who develop reinforces importance infection control measures when treating vulnerable population. Background The relative immunosuppression they (COVID-19), but unclear. Methods To examine dialysis, we retrospectively collected clinical data were hospitalized COVID-19. We used Wilcoxon rank sum Fischer exact tests compare died versus still living. Results Two study’s peritoneal 57 hemodialysis. Median age 63 years, hypertension (98%) diabetes (69%). Patients significantly older than living (median age, 75 62 years) had median Charlson comorbidity index (8 7). most common presenting symptoms fever (49%) cough (39%); initial radiographs commonly showed multifocal or bilateral opacities (59%). By end follow-up, 18 (31%) 6 days after hospitalization, required Eleven advanced directives against intubation. remaining 41 (69%) discharged home 8 admission. white blood cell count compared (7.5 5.7×10 3 / μ l), as C-reactive protein (163 80 mg/L). Conclusions association need take appropriate prevent spread

Language: Английский

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Fully Automated Evaluation of Total Glomerular Number and Capillary Tuft Size in Nephritic Kidneys Using Lightsheet Microscopy

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 452 - 459

Published: Aug. 3, 2016

The total number of glomeruli is a fundamental parameter kidney function but very difficult to determine using standard methodology. Here, we counted all individual in murine kidneys and sized the capillary tufts by combining vivo fluorescence labeling endothelial cells, novel tissue-clearing technique, lightsheet microscopy, automated registration image analysis. Total hands-on time per organ was <1 hour, counting/sizing finished <3 hours. We also investigated use ethyl-3-phenylprop-2-enoate (ethyl cinnamate) as nontoxic solvent-based clearing reagent that can be handled without specific safety measures. Ethyl cinnamate rapidly cleared tested organs, including calcified bone, proteins immunohistochemical labels maintained over weeks. Using ethyl cinnamate-cleared kidneys, quantified average creatinine clearance rate glomerulus. This decreased first week experimental nephrotoxic nephritis, whereas reduction glomerular numbers occurred much later. Our approach delivers parameters renal function, because its ease speed, it suitable for high-throughput analysis could greatly facilitate studies effect diseases on whole-organ physiology.

Language: Английский

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NF-κB in inflammation and renal diseases

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Nov. 16, 2015

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a family of inducible transcription factors that plays vital role in different aspects immune responses. NF-κB normally sequestered the cytoplasm as inactive complexes via physical association with inhibitory proteins termed IκBs. In response to and stress stimuli, members become activated two major signaling pathways, canonical noncanonical move nucleus exert transcriptional functions. for normal responses against infections, but deregulated activation cause inflammatory diseases. Accumulated studies suggest involvement pathogenesis renal inflammation caused by infection, injury, or autoimmune factors. this review, we discuss current understanding regarding function types kidney

Language: Английский

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