The global-scale distributions of soil protists and their contributions to belowground systems

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Protists are ubiquitous in soil, where they key contributors to nutrient cycling and energy transfer. However, protists have received far less attention than other components of the soil microbiome. We used amplicon sequencing soils from 180 locations across six continents investigate ecological preferences their functional contributions belowground systems. complemented these analyses with shotgun metagenomic 46 validate identities more abundant protist lineages. found that most dominated by consumers, although parasites phototrophs particularly tropical arid ecosystems, respectively. The best predictors composition (primarily annual precipitation) fundamentally distinct those shaping bacterial archaeal communities (namely, pH). Some bacteria co-occur globally, highlighting potential importance largely undescribed interactions. Together, this study allowed us identify living our work providing a cross-ecosystem perspective on factors structuring likely functioning.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial diversity–biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 2081 - 2091

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

Abstract The relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity soil microbial communities interlinked across globally distributed biomes, variations this influence function. To fill knowledge gap, we conducted field survey global with contrasting vegetation climate types. We show that carbon (C) content associated to diversity–biomass ratio soils biomes. This provides an integrative index identify those locations on Earth wherein much higher compared vice versa. diversity-to-biomass peaks arid environments low C content, very C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances reductions land use intensification change could cause dramatic shifts diversity-biomass ratio, potential consequences for broad processes.

Language: Английский

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Spatial scale affects the relative role of stochasticity versus determinism in soil bacterial communities in wheat fields across the North China Plain

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

The relative importance of stochasticity versus determinism in soil bacterial communities is unclear, as are the possible influences that alter balance between these. Here, we investigated influence spatial scale on role and agricultural monocultures consisting only wheat, thereby minimizing differences plant species cover cultivation/disturbance regime, extending across a wide range soils climates North China Plain (NCP). We sampled 243 sites 1092 km sequenced 16S rRNA gene using MiSeq. hypothesized would play relatively stronger at broadest scales, due to strong climate selecting many distinct OTUs bacteria adapted different environments. In order test more general applicability hypothesis, also compared with natural ecosystem Tibetan Plateau. Our results revealed vs. did vary scale, direction predicted. On Plain, played dominant from 150 900 (separation pairs sites) dominated than (broad scale). Plateau, 130 1200 less km. Among identifiable deterministic factors, pH showed strongest community structure diversity Plain. Together, 23.9% variation microbial composition could be explained, environmental factors accounting for 19.7% parameters 4.1%. findings (1) stochastic processes important while Plateau; (2) was major factor shaping Plain; (3) most not explained existing factors. Further studies needed dissect (e.g., mutations or extinctions) distribution, which might make it easier predictably manipulate produce better yield sustainability outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Diversity-triggered deterministic bacterial assembly constrains community functions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2019

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that microbial α-diversity (local species richness) may have positive effects on ecosystem function. However, less attention has been paid to β-diversity (the variation among local assemblages). Here we studied the impact stochastic/deterministic community assembly processes, which are related β-diversity, and consequences for Bacterial communities differing in were generated their structures potential functional traits inferred from DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis stochastic processes dominant high-diversity communities. low-diversity communities, deterministic dominant, associating with reduction specialized functions correlated specific bacterial taxa. Overall, suggest low-diversity-induced constrain functions, highlighting roles generating sustaining function soil ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Protist communities are more sensitive to nitrogen fertilization than other microorganisms in diverse agricultural soils

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2019

Agricultural food production is at the base of and fodder, with fertilization having fundamentally continuously increased crop yield over last decades. The performance crops intimately tied to their microbiome as they together form holobionts. importance for plant is, however, notoriously ignored in agricultural systems disconnects dependency plants often plant-beneficial microbial processes. Moreover, we lack a holistic understanding how regimes affect soil microbiome. Here, examined effect 2-year regime (no nitrogen control, fertilization, plus straw amendment) on entire microbiomes (bacteria, fungi, protist) three common types cropped maize two seasons.We found that application fertilizers more strongly affected protist than bacterial fungal communities. Nitrogen indirectly reduced diversity through changing abiotic properties communities which differed between sampling seasons. fertilizer amendment had greater effects physicochemical addition alone. even straw, network complexity, suggesting tightened interactions.Together, our results suggest protists are most susceptible component fertilizers. As also exhibit strongest seasonal dynamics, serve sensitive bioindicators changes. Changes might have long-term if some key hubs govern complexities top predators altered. This study serves stepping stone promote promising agents targeted engineering help reducing exogenous unsustainably high pesticide applications.

Language: Английский

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