Microbial necromass as the source of soil organic carbon in global ecosystems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 108422 - 108422

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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Global distribution, formation and fate of mineral‐associated soil organic matter under a changing climate: A trait‐based perspective

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1411 - 1429

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest actively cycling reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), and majority SOM in Earth's mineral soils (~65%) mineral‐associated (MAOM). Thus, formation fate MAOM can exert substantial influence on global C cycle. To predict future changes to climate, it critical mechanistically understand processes by which formed decomposed, accurately represent this process‐based understanding biogeochemical Earth system models. In review, we use a trait‐based framework synthesize interacting roles plants, soil micro‐organisms, matrix regulating decomposition. Our proposed differentiates between plant microbial traits that total OM inputs (‘feedstock traits’) versus proportion are ultimately incorporated into (‘MAOM traits’). We discuss how these feedstock may be altered warming, precipitation elevated dioxide. At planetary scale, help shape distribution across biomes, modulate biome‐specific responses climate change. leverage synthesis measurements provide estimates amount MAOM‐C globally (~840–1540 Pg C; 34%–51% C), its biomes. show concentration highest temperate forests grasslands, lowest shrublands savannas. Grasslands croplands have (SOC) fraction (i.e. MAOM‐C:SOC ratio), while boreal tundra ratio. Drawing our trait framework, then review experimental data posit effects change pools different conclude discussing integrated models, included also summarize projected under scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 8.5) key model uncertainties. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Phylotype diversity within soil fungal functional groups drives ecosystem stability

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 900 - 909

Published: May 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Diseases

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 577 - 577

Published: June 25, 2022

The use of synthetic fungicides to control fungal diseases has growing limitations due eco-toxicological risks. Therefore, it is necessary replace or integrate high risk chemicals with safer tools for human health and environment. Consequently, research on the selection, evaluation, characterization, biocontrol agents (BCAs) consistently increased in last decades. BCA formulates, particularly some countries, are still scarce coping demand their sustainable agricultural management. To foster development utilization new effective bioformulates, there a need optimize activity, share knowledge formulation processes simplify registration procedures. Studies based molecular can significantly contribute achieve such objectives. present review provides state art plant special emphasis (i) features most studied BCAs; (ii) key strategies selection BCAs (iii); mechanisms action main (iv) metagenomic studies (v) issues constraints commercialization BCAs, (vi) perspectives diseases.

Language: Английский

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A meta-analysis of the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbial diversity

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 104450 - 104450

Published: March 4, 2022

Organic agriculture, employing manures or composts, has been proposed as a way of mitigating undesirable impacts mineral fertilizer use. Of particular interest is the effect regime on soil microbes, which are key to nutrient cycling, plant health and structure. However, fertilizers microbial diversity remains poorly understood. Since biological an important determinant ecosystem function fundamental metric in community ecology, effects regimes theoretical applied interest. Here, we conduct meta-analysis 37 studies reporting metrics fertilized (NPK), organically (ORG) unfertilized control (CON) soils. these studies, 32 reported taxonomic derived from sequencing, gradient gel electrophoresis, RFLP. Functional diversity, Biolog Ecoplate™ measures carbon substrate metabolism, was 8 with 3 both metrics. Bacterial archaeal 28 fungal studies. We found that functional 2.8% greater NPK compared CON, 7.0% ORG vs. 3.8% NPK. not significantly different between but average 2.9% 2.4% Fungal any treatment pairs. There very high residual heterogeneity all meta-analyses suggesting large amount further research required fully understand influence function.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(22), P. 6696 - 6710

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability priority areas for functional groups soil based on six surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that all most peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, New Caledonia, negligible island effect plants animals. also predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat land-cover change, particularly dry regions high human population density. Fungal highest include herbaceous wetlands, forests, woodlands. stress more attention should be focused fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal ectomycorrhizal as well unicellular early-diverging macrofungi general. Given low overlap between macroorganisms, but both groups, detailed analyses requirements warranted other microorganisms organisms.

Language: Английский

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Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 149 - 176

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, distribution elusive, conservation neglected. We aim flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. present a revised estimate 2–3 million fungal with “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown >90% these end century, we propose recognition known only from DNA data call for large-scale sampling campaigns. an updated global map richness, highlighting tropical temperate ecoregions high diversity. further Red List assessments enhanced management guidelines aid conservation. Given that fungi play inseparable role in our lives ecosystems, considering fascinating questions remaining be answered, argue constitute next frontier biodiversity research.

Language: Английский

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Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract Soil microorganisms are central to sustain soil functions and services, like carbon nutrient cycling. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the spatial-temporal dynamics microorganisms, restricting our ability assess long-term effects climate land-cover change on microbial roles in biogeochemistry. This study assesses temporal trends biomass identifies main drivers regionally globally detect areas sensitive these environmental factors. Here, combined global data set, random forest modelling, layers predict stocks from 1992 2013. decreased by 3.4 ± 3.0% (mean 95% CI) between 2013 for predictable regions, equivalent 149 Mt being lost over period, or ~1‰ C. Northern with high experienced strongest decrease, mostly driven increasing temperatures. In contrast, was weaker driver carbon, but had, some cases, important regional effects.

Language: Английский

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Global warming accelerates soil heterotrophic respiration

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 10, 2023

Carbon efflux from soils is the largest terrestrial carbon source to atmosphere, yet it still one of most uncertain fluxes in Earth's budget. A dominant component this flux heterotrophic respiration, influenced by several environmental factors, notably soil temperature and moisture. Here, we develop a mechanistic model micro global scale explore how changes water content affect respiration. Simulations, laboratory measurements, field observations validate new approach. Estimates show that respiration has been increasing since 1980s at rate about 2% per decade globally. Using future projections surface moisture, predicts increase 40% end century under worst-case emission scenario, where Arctic region expected experience more than two-fold increase, driven primarily declining moisture rather increase.

Language: Английский

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Precipitation balances deterministic and stochastic processes of bacterial community assembly in grassland soils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 108635 - 108635

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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