Nutritional immunity: transition metals at the pathogen–host interface

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 525 - 537

Published: July 16, 2012

Language: Английский

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The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 90(3), P. 927 - 963

Published: Sept. 22, 2014

ABSTRACT The pentose phosphate pathway ( PPP ) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. important to maintain carbon homoeostasis, provide precursors for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, reducing molecules anabolism, defeat oxidative stress. shares reactions with the Entner–Doudoroff Calvin cycle divides into an non‐oxidative branch. branch highly active in most eukaryotes converts glucose 6‐phosphate dioxide, ribulose 5‐phosphate NADPH . latter function critical redox balance under stress situations, when cells proliferate rapidly, ageing, ‘Warburg effect’ cancer cells. instead virtually ubiquitous, metabolizes glycolytic intermediates fructose glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate as well sedoheptulose sugars, yielding ribose synthesis nucleic acids sugar acids. Whereas considered unidirectional, can supply glycolysis derived from vice versa , depending on biochemical demand. These functions require dynamic regulation that achieved through hierarchical interactions between transcriptome, proteome metabolome. Consequently, biochemistry this pathway, while still unresolved many cases, are archetypal dynamics metabolic network cell. In comprehensive article we review seminal work led discovery description date back now 80 years, address recent results about genetic mechanisms regulate its activity. principles discussed context deficiencies causing disease role biotechnology, bacterial parasite infections, neurons, stem cell potency

Language: Английский

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Lag Phase Is a Distinct Growth Phase That Prepares Bacteria for Exponential Growth and Involves Transient Metal Accumulation

Journal of Bacteriology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 194(3), P. 686 - 701

Published: Dec. 3, 2011

Lag phase represents the earliest and most poorly understood stage of bacterial growth cycle. We developed a reproducible experimental system conducted functional genomic physiological analyses 2-h lag in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Adaptation began within 4 min inoculation into fresh LB medium with transient expression genes involved phosphate uptake. The main lag-phase transcriptional program initiated at 20 upregulation 945 encoding processes such as transcription, translation, iron-sulfur protein assembly, nucleotide metabolism, LPS biosynthesis, aerobic respiration. ChIP-chip revealed that RNA polymerase was not "poised" upstream are rapidly induced beginning phase, suggesting mechanism involves de novo partitioning to transcribe 522 leaving stationary phase. used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) discover iron, calcium, manganese accumulated by S. Typhimurium during while levels cobalt, nickel, sodium showed distinct growth-phase-specific patterns. high concentration iron associated sensitivity oxidative stress. study promises identify regulatory responsible for adaptation new environments.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering Listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 308 - 313

Published: Feb. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Virulence factors of theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex

Virulence, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 3 - 66

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of closely related species that cause in both humans and animals. This illness, still today, remains to be one the leading causes morbidity mortality throughout world. mycobacteria enter host by air, and, once lungs, are phagocytated macrophages. may lead rapid elimination bacillus or triggering an active infection. A large number different virulence factors have evolved MTBC members as a response immune reaction. aim this review is describe bacterial genes/proteins essential for species, been demonstrated vivo model Knowledge development new vaccines drugs help manage disease toward increasingly more tuberculosis-free

Language: Английский

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Deep Sequencing of the Oral Microbiome Reveals Signatures of Periodontal Disease

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. e37919 - e37919

Published: June 4, 2012

The oral microbiome, the complex ecosystem of microbes inhabiting human mouth, harbors several thousands bacterial types. proliferation pathogenic bacteria within mouth gives rise to periodontitis, an inflammatory disease known also constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While much is about individual species associated with pathogenesis, system-level mechanisms underlying transition from health are still poorly understood. Through sequencing 16S rRNA gene and whole community DNA we provide glimpse at global genetic, metabolic, ecological changes periodontitis in 15 subgingival plaque samples, four each two patients, remaining samples three healthy individuals. We demonstrate power whole-metagenome approaches characterizing genomes key players including unculturable TM7 organism. reveal microbiome be enriched virulence factors, adapted parasitic lifestyle that takes advantage disrupted host homeostasis. Furthermore, diseased share common structure was not found completely suggesting state may occupy narrow region space possible configurations microbiome. Our pilot study demonstrates high-throughput as tool understanding role periodontal Despite modest level (∼2 lanes Illumina 76 bp PE) high contamination (up ∼90%) were able partially reconstruct preliminarily characterize some systems-level differences between microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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The dormant blood microbiome in chronic, inflammatory diseases

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 567 - 591

Published: May 3, 2015

Blood in healthy organisms is seen as a 'sterile' environment: it lacks proliferating microbes. Dormant or not-immediately-culturable forms are not absent, however, intracellular dormancy well established. We highlight here that great many pathogens can survive blood and inside erythrocytes. 'Non-culturability', reflected by discrepancies between plate counts total counts, commonplace environmental microbiology. It overcome improved culturing methods, we asked how common this would be blood. A number of recent, sequence-based ultramicroscopic studies have uncovered an authentic microbiome non-communicable diseases. The chief origin these microbes the gut (especially when shifts composition to pathogenic state, known 'dysbiosis'). Another source translocated from oral cavity. 'Dysbiosis' also used describe translocation cells into other tissues. To avoid ambiguity, use term 'atopobiosis' for appear places than their normal location. Atopobiosis may contribute dynamics variety inflammatory Overall, seems more chronic, non-communicable, diseases microbial component presently considered, treatable using bactericidal antibiotics vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Are pathogenic bacteria just looking for food? Metabolism and microbial pathogenesis

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 341 - 348

Published: May 24, 2011

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Bacterial Pathogenesis by Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Advances in applied microbiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 93 - 118

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Tolerance and Metabolic Adaptations in Microbial Biofilms

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 850 - 863

Published: June 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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