The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 40 - 54

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 48 - 60

Published: Jan. 10, 2019

Disturbances along the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most frequent cause dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function associated with formation amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alterations gut microbiota composition induce increased permeability barrier immune activation leading systemic inflammation, which turn impair blood-brain promote neuroinflammation, neural injury, ultimately neurodegeneration. Recently, Aβ has also been recognized as an antimicrobial peptide participating innate response. However, dysregulated state, reveal harmful properties. Importantly, bacterial amyloids through molecular mimicry elicit cross-seeding misfolding microglial priming. The seeding propagation occur at different levels axis. potential mechanisms spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct crossing via other cells astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, system cells. A growing body experimental clinical data confirms key role dysbiosis microbiota-host interactions convergence gut-derived inflammatory response together aging poor diet elderly AD. Modification food-based therapy probiotic supplementation create new preventive therapeutic options

Language: Английский

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Functional Redundancy-Induced Stability of Gut Microbiota Subjected to Disturbance

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 402 - 413

Published: March 17, 2016

Language: Английский

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Microbes and Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 51(4), P. 979 - 984

Published: April 12, 2016

We are researchers and clinicians working on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or related topics, we write to express our concern that one particular aspect of the has been neglected, even thoug ...

Language: Английский

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Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 74(10), P. 624 - 634

Published: Sept. 15, 2016

It has been hypothesized that alterations in the composition of gut microbiota might be associated with onset certain human pathologies, such as Alzheimer disease, a neurodegenerative syndrome cerebral accumulation amyloid-β fibrils. shown bacteria populating can release significant amounts amyloids and lipopolysaccharides, which play role modulation signaling pathways production proinflammatory cytokines related to pathogenesis disease. Additionally, nutrients have affect well formation aggregation amyloid-β. This suggests modulating microbiome amyloidogenesis through specific nutritional interventions prove an effective strategy prevent or reduce risk review examines possible dissemination amyloids, regulation gut–brain axis, potential amyloidogenic properties bacteria, impact on amyloid relation

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive description of blood microbiome from healthy donors assessed by 16S targeted metagenomic sequencing

Transfusion, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 1138 - 1147

Published: Feb. 10, 2016

Recent studies have revealed that the blood of healthy humans is not as sterile previously supposed. The objective this study was to provide a comprehensive description microbiome present in different fractions individuals.The conducted 30 donors French national collection center (Établissement Français du Sang). We set up 16S rDNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay well targeted metagenomics sequencing pipeline specifically designed analyze microbiome, which we used on whole (buffy coat [BC], red cells [RBCs], and plasma).Most bacterial DNA located BC (93.74%), RBCs contain more (6.23%) than plasma (0.03%). distribution for each fraction spreads over relatively broad range among donors. At phylum level, mostly from Proteobacteria (more 80%) but also Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes. deeper taxonomic levels, there are striking differences between profiles fractions.We demonstrate diversified exists blood. This has most likely an important physiologic role could be implicated certain transfusion-transmitted infections. In regard, amount or profile monitored improve safety supply.

Language: Английский

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Secretory Products of the Human GI Tract Microbiome and Their Potential Impact on Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Detection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AD Hippocampus

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: July 11, 2017

Although the potential contribution of human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome to health, aging and disease is becoming increasingly acknowledged, molecular mechanics signaling pathways just how this accomplished not well understood. Major bacterial species GI tract, such as abundant Gram-negative bacilli Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) Escherichia coli (E. coli), secrete a remarkably complex array pro-inflammatory neurotoxins which, when released from confines healthy are pathogenic highly detrimental homeostatic function neurons in central nervous system (CNS). For first time here we report presence lipopolysaccharide (LPS) brain lysates hippocampus superior temporal lobe neocortex Alzheimer's (AD) brains. Mean LPS levels varied 2-fold increases 3-fold hippocampus, AD over age-matched controls, however some samples advanced hippocampal cases exhibited up 26-fold increase controls. This 'Perspectives' paper will further highlight very recent research on CNS, update current findings that implicate microbiome-derived an important internal contributor inflammatory degeneration CNS.

Language: Английский

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Uterine Microbiota: Residents, Tourists, or Invaders?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 2, 2018

Uterine microbiota have been reported under various conditions and populations, however it is uncertain the level to which these bacteria are residents that maintain homeostasis, tourists readily eliminated or invaders contribute human disease. This review provides a historical timeline summarizes current status of this topic with aim promoting research priorities discussion on controversial topic. Discrepancies exist in reports uterine critically reviewed examined. Established putative routes bacterial seeding uterus interactions distal mucosal sites discussed. Based upon literature we highlight need for additional robust clinical translational studies area. In addition, discuss necessity investigating host-microbiota physiologic functional impact local endometrial microenvironment as mechanisms may influence poor reproductive, obstetric gynecologic health outcomes sequelae.

Language: Английский

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Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 31, 2020

Abstract Evidence is mounting that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental diseases fueling mechanistic investigations to provide a basis for future targeted interventions. However, shotgun metagenomic data from treatment-naïve patients are scarce hampering comprehensive analyses of complex interaction between gut microbiota and brain. Here we explore fecal microbiome based on 90 medication-free schizophrenia 81 controls identify microbial species classifier distinguishing with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.896, replicate microbiome-based disease 45 (AUC = 0.765). Functional potentials associated include differences short-chain fatty acids synthesis, tryptophan metabolism, synthesis/degradation neurotransmitters. Transplantation schizophrenia-enriched bacterium, Streptococcus vestibularis , appear induces deficits social behaviors, alters neurotransmitter levels peripheral tissues recipient mice. Our findings new leads further cohort studies animal models.

Language: Английский

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Lipopolysaccharide Associates with Amyloid Plaques, Neurons and Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain: A Review

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 22, 2018

This review proposes that LPS (Lipopolysaccharide, found in the wall of all Gram-negative bacteria) could play a role causing sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). is based part upon recent studies showing that: E coli bacteria can form extracellular amyloid; bacterial-encoded 16S rRNA present human brains with over 70% being bacteria; ultrastructural analyses have shown microbes erythrocytes AD patients; blood levels patients are 3-fold control; combined focal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia produced amyloid-like plaques myelin injury adult rat cortex. Moreover, bacterial was aging control brains, though were much higher brains. In addition, co-localized amyloid plaques, peri-vascular amyloid, neurons, oligodendrocytes Based postulate caused oligodendrocyte injury, degraded Myelin Basic Protein (dMBP) to be compared Immunofluorescence showed dMBP β (Aβ) brain, other molecules walls vesicles periventricular white matter. These data led hypothesis acts on leukocyte microglial TLR4-CD14/TLR2 receptors produce NFĸB mediated increases cytokines which increase Aβ levels, damage brain. Since Aβ1-42 also an agonist for TLR4 receptors, this vicious cycle accounts relentless progression AD. Thus, LPS, receptor complex, might treatment or prevention targets Keywords: disease, Lipopolysaccharide, Cytokines, TLR4, CD14, Myelin, MBP, oligodendrocytes, Amyloid plaque, perivascular

Language: Английский

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