From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

Cell, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 165(6), P. 1332 - 1345

Published: June 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Introduction to the human gut microbiota

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 474(11), P. 1823 - 1836

Published: May 16, 2017

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert marked influence on host during homeostasis disease. Multiple factors contribute to establishment microbiota infancy. Diet is considered as one main drivers in shaping across life time. Intestinal bacteria play crucial role maintaining immune metabolic protecting against pathogens. Altered bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with pathogenesis many inflammatory diseases infections. interpretation these studies relies better understanding inter-individual variations, heterogeneity communities along GI tract, functional redundancy need distinguish cause from effect states dysbiosis. This review summarises our current development its impact integrity health, underlying for mechanistic focusing host–microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 57(1), P. 1 - 24

Published: April 9, 2017

The diverse microbial community that inhabits the human gut has an extensive metabolic repertoire is distinct from, but complements activity of mammalian enzymes in liver and mucosa includes functions essential for host digestion. As such, microbiota a key factor shaping biochemical profile diet and, therefore, its impact on health disease. important role appears to play metabolism stimulated research into identification specific microorganisms involved different processes, elucidation pathways, particularly those associated with dietary components some host-generated substances. In first part review, we discuss main microorganisms, bacteria, pathways carbohydrates (to short chain fatty acids gases), proteins, plant polyphenols, bile acids, vitamins. second review focuses methodologies, existing novel, can be employed explore metabolism. These include mathematical models, omics techniques, isolated microbes, enzyme assays.

Language: Английский

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The ecology of the microbiome: Networks, competition, and stability

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 350(6261), P. 663 - 666

Published: Nov. 5, 2015

What makes the gut microbiome stable? Classically, we think of our as stable, benign, and cooperative. Recent experimental work is beginning to unpick essential functions that can be attributed stable microbiota humans. To able manipulate improve health, need understand community structure composition models quantify predict stability. Coyte et al. applied concepts tools from ecology assembly. Independently developed converged on a surprising answer: A high diversity species likely coexist stably when system dominated by competitive, rather than cooperative, interactions. Science , this issue p. 663

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics: beyond biomarkers and towards mechanisms

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 451 - 459

Published: March 16, 2016

Language: Английский

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Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 29 - 41

Published: Nov. 5, 2016

Summary The human gut microbiota ferments dietary non‐digestible carbohydrates into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). These microbial products are utilized by the host and propionate butyrate in particular exert a range of health‐promoting functions. Here an overview metabolic pathways microbes to produce these two SCFA from amino resulting protein breakdown is provided. This emphasizes important role played cross‐feeding intermediary metabolites (in lactate, succinate 1,2‐propanediol) between different bacteria. ecophysiology, including growth requirements responses environmental factors, major producing bacteria discussed relation modulation metabolites. A detailed understanding metabolism necessary underpin effective strategies optimize supply host.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and their Link with Diet and Human Health

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 17, 2016

The colon is inhabited by a dense population of microorganisms, the so-called "gut microbiota," able to ferment carbohydrates and proteins that escape absorption in small intestine during digestion. This microbiota produces wide range metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA). These compounds are absorbed large bowel defined as 1-6 carbon volatile which can present straight or branched-chain conformation. Their production influenced pattern food intake diet-mediated changes gut microbiota. SCFA have distinct physiological effects: they contribute shaping environment, influence physiology colon, be used energy sources host cells intestinal also participate different host-signaling mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge about SCFA, bacterial cross-feedings interactions, biological properties these metabolites with impact on human health.

Language: Английский

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The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 623 - 632

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Bile acid–microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 111 - 128

Published: Oct. 11, 2017

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 28, 2016

With the increasing amount of evidence linking certain disorders human body to a disturbed gut microbiota, there is growing interest for compounds that positively influence its composition and activity through diet. Besides consumption probiotics stimulate favorable bacterial communities in gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (ITF) arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) can be consumed increase number bifidobacteria colon. Several functions have been attributed bifidobacteria, encompassing degradation non-digestible carbohydrates, protection against pathogens, production vitamin B, antioxidants, conjugated linoleic acids, stimulation immune system. During life, numbers decrease from up 90 % total colon microbiota vaginally delivered breast-fed infants < 5 adults they even more elderly well patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome, obesity, allergies, regressive autism. It has suggested bifidogenic effects ITF AXOS are result strain-specific yet complementary carbohydrate mechanisms within cooperating bifidobacterial consortia. Except effect, also shown cause butyrogenic effect colon, i.e., an enhancement butyrate production. Butyrate essential metabolite it preferred energy source epithelial cells, contributes maintenance barrier functions, immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. cross-feeding interactions between butyrate-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (clostridial cluster IV) Anaerostipes, Eubacterium Roseburia species XIVa). These kinds possibly favor co-existence strains other bacteria

Language: Английский

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